The linearized potential of a moving test charge in a one-component fully degenerate fermion plasma is studied using the Lindhard dielectric function. The motion is found to greatly enhance the Friedel oscillations behind the charge, especially for velocities larger than a half of the Fermi velocity, in which case the asymptotic behavior of their amplitude changes from 1/r^3 to 1/r^2.5. In the absence of the quantum recoil (tunneling) the potential reduces to a form similar to that in a classical Maxwellian plasma, with a difference being that the plasma oscillations behind the charge at velocities larger than the Fermi velocity are not Landau-damped.
With plasma shielding effects of the Debye-Hückel model, we investigate the relativistic photoionization processes of H, Nb$^{40+}$ and Pb$^{81+}$ plasmas in the H-isoelectronic series. The shielded nuclear potential of Yukawa-type experienced by the electron is parameterized by Debye-length $D$. To account for relativistic effects non- perturbatively, we solve the Dirac equation for the bound as well as continuum wavefunctions. Contributions from multipole fields are calculated for high incident photon energies, while the angular distribution and spin polarization parameters of photoelectrons…
The expression for the Debye shielding in plasma physics is usually derived under the assumptions that the plasma particles are weakly coupled, so their kinetic energy is much larger than the potential energy between them, and that the velocity distributions of the plasma species are Maxwellian. The first assumption also establishes that the plasma parameter ND, the number of particles within a sphere with a Debye radius should be greater than 1, and determines the difference between weakly and strongly coupled plasmas. Under such assumptions, Poisson's equation can be linearised, and a simple…
Potential of a moving test charge in a dusty plasma in the presence of grain size distribution and grain charging dynamics
尘埃等离子体的线性介电响应受粒子尺寸分布的影响。在以前的结果[IEEE trans.Plasma Sci. 29，182（2001）]，表明对于一类尺寸分布，存在与单尺寸颗粒的洛伦兹分布的等价性。然后可以使用二阶近似法找到对缓慢移动的试探电荷的静电响应[Phys. Lett. A 305，79（2002）]。众所周知[Phys. Plasmas 10，3484（2003）]，尘埃等离子体中颗粒的动态充电增强了对试探电荷的屏蔽。在这一阶段，寻求颗粒尺寸分布和颗粒充电动力学对移动通过尘埃等离子体的试探电荷的组合效应似乎是自然的。在这里，我们考虑的晶粒尺寸分布和动态的晶粒充电的试探电荷在尘埃等离子体中缓慢移动的等离子体介电响应作为晶粒尺寸分布和晶粒充电动态的函数表示的影响。分析以及数值结果。值得注意的是，可以通过为不同的参数选择适当的值来检索以前的结果。这种研究对实验室和空间等离子体都有意义。
The wakefield and stopping power of an ion-beam pulse moving in magnetized plasmas are investigated by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The effects of beam velocity and density on the wake and stopping power are discussed. In the presence of magnetic field, it is found that beside the longitudinal conversed V-shaped wakes, the strong whistler wave are observed when low-density and low-velocity pulses moving in plasmas. The corresponding stopping powers are enhanced due to the drag of these whistler waves. As beam velocities increase, the whistler waves disappear, and only are conversed V-sh…
The nature of fore-wake excitations created by a charged object moving in a magnetized plasma is investigated using particle-in-cell simulations. Our studies establish for the first time the existence of precursor magneto-sonic solitons traveling ahead of a moving charged object. The nature of these excitations and the conditions governing their existence are delineated. We also confirm earlier molecular dynamic and fluid simulation results related to electrostatic precursor solitons obtained in the absence of a magnetic field. The electromagnetic precursors could have interesting practical ap…
A charge bunch moving in a plasma can excite a variety of linear and nonlinear waves in the form of trailing wakes, fore-wake shocks and precursor solitons. These structures can further interact with the background plasma to create secondary effects that can serve as signatures of the passage of the charge bunch. Using particle-in-cell simulations we investigate in detail the dynamics of a plasma system that is being traversed by an energetic charged ion bunch. Using two different shapes of the charge source, namely, an idealized one dimensional line source and a two dimensional thin rectangul…
The excitation of precursor solitons ahead of a rapidly moving object in a fluid, a spectacular phenomenon in hydrodynamics that has often been observed ahead of moving ships, has surprisingly not been investigated in plasmas where the fluid model holds good for low frequency excitations such as ion acoustic waves. In this paper we report the first experimental observation of precursor solitons in a flowing dusty plasma. The nonlinear solitary dust acoustic waves (DAWs) are excited by a supersonic mass flow of the dust particles over an electrostatic potential hill. In a frame where the fluid …
With the generation of high order harmonics (HHG) on the plasma surface it is possible to turn the laser pulse into a train of attosecond or even zeptosecond pulses in the back radiation. These attosecond pulses may have amplitude several orders of magnitude larger than that of the laser pulse under appropriate conditions. We study this process in detail, especially the nanobunching of the plasma electron density. We derive the analytical expression that describes the electron density profile and obtain a good agreement with particle-in-cell simulations. We investigate the most efficient case …
Pinned solitons are a special class of nonlinear solutions created by a supersonically moving object in a fluid. They move with the same velocity as the moving object and thereby remain pinned to the object. A well known hydrodynamical phenomenon, they have been shown to exist in numerical simulation studies but to date have not been observed experimentally in a plasma. In this paper we report the first experimental excitation of pinned solitons in a dusty (complex) plasma flowing over a charged obstacle. The experiments are performed in a Π shaped Dusty Plasma Experimental (DPEx) device in wh…
Plasma dipole oscillation (PDO) depicted as harmonic motion of a spatially localized block of electrons has, until now, been hypothetical. In practice, the plasma oscillation occurs always as a part of a plasma wave. Studies on radiation burst from plasmas have focused only on coupling of the plasma wave and electromagnetic wave. Here we show that a very-high-field PDO can be generated by the electrons trapped in a moving train of potential wells. The electrons riding on the potential train coherently construct a local dipole moment by charge separation. The subsequent PDO is found to persist …
Propagation of Langmuir solitons in inhomogeneous plasmas is investigated numerically. Through numerical simulation solving Zakharov equations, the solitons are accelerated toward the low density side. As a consequence, isolated cavities moving at ion sound velocities are emitted. When the acceleration is further increased, solitons collapse and the cavities separate into two lumps released at ion sound velocities. The threshold is estimated by an analogy between the soliton and a particle overcoming the self-generated potential well.
Non conventional localized pulses, like offset bipolars have been reported in the Earths magnetosphere. The reports were sporadic and the theoretical interpretations were mainly event based which differ for slow or fast moving pulses. Here it was shown that the offset bipolar pulses are manifestations of an ideal, mathematically defined nonlinear coherent structure called a flat top soliton. Adopting Sagdeev pseudopotential technique, and assuming a simple plasma model, it was shown that a slow moving offset bipolar pulse in the auroral region can be interpreted as an ion acoustic flat top sol…
A peculiar ion behavior is found in a Si cluster, moving with a speed of ~0.22c (c: speed of light) in a solid Al plasma: the Si ion, moving behind the forward moving Si ion closely in a several angstrom distance in the cluster, feels the wake field generated by the forward Si. The interaction potential on the rear Si may balance the deceleration backward force by itself with the acceleration forward force by the forward Si in the longitudinal moving direction. The forward Si would be decelerated normally. However, the deceleration of the rear Si, moving behind closely, would be reduced signif…
