The invention of laser immediately enabled us to detect nonlinearities of photon interaction in matter, as manifested for example by Franken et al.'s detection of second harmonic generation and the excitation of the Brillouin forward scattering process. With the recent advancement in high power high energy laser and the examples of the nonlinearity study of laser-matter interaction by virtue of properly arranging laser and detectors, we envision the possibility of probing nonlinearities of photon interaction in vacuum over substantial spacetime scales compared with the microscopic scale provided by high energy accelerators. The hithertofore never detected Euler-Heisenberg nonlinearities in quantum electrodynamics (QED) in vacuum should come within our reach of detection using intense laser fields. Also our method should put us in a position with a far greater sensitivity of probing possible light-mass fields that have been postulated. With the availability of a large number of coherent photons our suggested measurement methods include the phase sensitive (contrast) imaging that avoids the pedestal noise and the scheme of second harmonic detection of photon nonlinearities in vacuum over a long co-propagating distance incurring resonance excitation. These methods carve out a substantial swath of new experimental parameter regimes of the exploration of photon nonlinearities in vacuum covering the force range from the electron mass scale to below neV.
Probing negative differential resistance in silicon with a P-I-N diode-integrated T center ensemble
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University（哈佛大学生物工程与应用科学学院）；Department of Physics, Harvard University（哈佛大学物理系）；Harvard Quantum Initiative, Harvard University（哈佛大学量子倡议）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室材料科学部）；IonQ Inc.（IonQ公司）；Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校电气工程和计算机科学系）
