从第一原理看活体器官的电生理学
Electrophysiology of living organs from first principles
摘要：
本文在对宏观麦克斯韦方程组进行空间平均的基础上，讨论了生物器官的电生理。其他的平均（或均匀化）方法，如双主模型与麦克斯韦理论不相容。我们还指出，建模的有源电池的源电流是不是一个合适的描述的情况下，从第一原理。相反，事实证明，所测量的电势的主要来源是存在于活性细胞的膜处的极化电荷密度，并且加起来是宏观极化。后者是拉普拉斯方程中的源项，其解给出了测量的远场电势。因此，极化或偶极子密度最适合于心律失常的定位。
英文摘要：
Based on the derivation of the macroscopic Maxwell's equations by spatial averaging of the microscopic equations, we discuss the electrophysiology of living organs. Other methods of averaging (or homogenization) like the bidomain model are not compatible with Maxwell's theory. We also point out that modeling the active cells by source currents is not a suitable description of the situation from first principles. Instead, it turns out that the main source of the measured electrical potentials is the polarization charge density which exists at the membranes of the active cells and adds up to a macroscopic polarization. The latter is the source term in the Laplace equation, the solution of which gives the measured far-field potential. As a consequence it is the polarization or dipole density which is best suited for localization of cardiac arrhythmia.
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