从电子衍射看无磁施特恩-格拉赫实验
Non-magnetic Stern-Gerlach Experiment from Electron Diffraction
摘要：
利用电子的波动性质，我们证明了在二维电子气的自旋轨道耦合系统中，通过单缝衍射可以简单地产生横向自旋流.被衍射的电子获得横向动量。上自旋电子走一条路，下自旋电子走另一条路，产生相干自旋电流。在自旋-轨道耦合$\sim10^{-13}$ eV $\cdot$ m的系统中，电子自旋的\emph{out-of-plane}分量可以产生高达0.42 $\hbar$。基于这种效应，设计了一种新型的光栅自旋提取装置。电子的两个第一衍射峰带有不同的自旋，复制了施特恩-格拉赫实验的非磁性版本。自旋电流的方向可以通过低能量消耗的栅极电压来控制。
英文摘要：
Using the wave nature of the electrons, we demonstrate that a transverse spin current can be generated simply by the diffraction through a single slit in the spin-orbital coupling system of the two-dimensional electron gas. The diffracted electron picks up the transverse momentum. The up spin electron goes one way and the down spin electron goes the other, producing the coherent spin current. In the system of spin-orbital coupling $\sim10^{-13}$ eV$\cdot$m, the \emph{out-of-plane} component of the spin of the electron can be generated up to 0.42 $\hbar$. Based on this effect, a novel device of grating to distill spin is designed. Two first diffraction peaks of electron carry different spins, duplicating the non-magnetic version of Stern-Gerlach experiment. The direction of the spin current can be controlled by the gate voltage with low energy cost.
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