标量势相对论力学中的超光速和非定域性
Superluminal velocities and nonlocality in relativistic mechanics with scalar potential
摘要：
尽管通常形式的相对论力学不允许超光速粒子速度和非定域相互作用，但相对论本身并不禁止这些特征。为了在更深层次上理解这一点，我们研究了相对论力学的一种广义形式，其中粒子不仅受到通常的张量（引力）和矢量（电磁）势的影响，而且还受到标量势的影响。标量势将质量平方M^2提升为一个动力学量。允许M^2为负值，这会导致超光速。对多粒子情形的推广允许非定域标量势，这使得非定域相互作用与相对论相容。粒子轨迹由类似于牛顿绝对时间的标量参数来参数化。相对论性玻姆力学提供了一个明确实现所有这些一般特征的例子。
英文摘要：
Even though the usual form of relativistic mechanics does not allow superluminal particle velocities and nonlocal interactions, these features are not forbidden by relativity itself. To understand this on a deeper level, we study a generalized form of relativistic mechanics in which the particle is influenced not only by the usual tensor (gravitational) and vector (electromagnetic) potentials, but also by the scalar potential. The scalar potential promotes the mass squared M^2 to a dynamical quantity. Negative values of M^2, which lead to superluminal velocities, are allowed. The generalization to the many-particle case allows a nonlocal scalar potential, which makes nonlocal interactions compatible with relativity. Particle trajectories are parameterized by a scalar parameter analogous to the Newton absolute time. An example in which all these general features are explicitly realized is provided by relativistic Bohmian mechanics.
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