动力学自组织是球状闪电现象的物理基础
Dynamical self-organization acting as physical basis of the ball lightning phenomenon
摘要：
闪电球是一种非常罕见的自然现象，通常在地球大气层中的电活动中出现自由漂浮的发光球体。每年都有数百名目击者向当地报纸、警察甚至军事当局报告这类奇怪事件。尽管在大量发表的论文中报道了与球状闪电具有强烈相似性的彩色火焰团的存在，但这些经过研究的实验结果还不能提供信息来解释球状闪电的实际起源。这是由于它出现在非常稀有的气体中，并且在它的出现中涉及的能量相对较小。这种技术状态在最近一次被新的实验室实验改变，实验表明，通过非常快速的局部能量注入，在可控的实验室条件下，可以在空气中产生自由漂浮的火焰团，其寿命大大超过它们出现的时间跨度。今天，在传输直流电的等离子体中出现的火焰球被称为火球，而在高频电场产生的等离子体中出现的火焰球被称为等离子体团。在下文中，我们将描述这些实验结果中的一些，但是也描述在存在等离子体的不同装置中获得的其他实验结果。
英文摘要：
Lightning balls are very rare natural phenomena that appear as free floating glowing globs, usually during electric activity in the atmosphere of the Earth. Each year, hundreds of eyewitness accounts of such strange events are reported to local journals, police and even military authorities. In spite of the fact that the presence of beautifully colored flaming globs bearing strong resemblances to lightning balls was reported in a great numbers of published papers, these experimental results considered up yet were not able to offer information to explain the actual origin of the ball lightning. This is due to its appearance in very rare gases and the relatively small energy involved in its emergence. This state of the art was changed in the last time by new laboratory experiments showing that by very quick local injection of energy it is possible to produce in air, under controllable laboratory conditions, free floating flaming globs, the lifetime of which substantially surpasses the time span in which they emerged. Today the flaming globes that appear in plasmas that transport direct current are dubbed fireballs, whereas those which appear in plasma created by high frequency electric fields, plasmoids. In the following we will describe some of these experimental results but also other ones obtained in different devices were plasma is present.
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