Telesto和Calypso之间的喷射物交换：蝌蚪，马蹄铁和通过轨道
Exchange of ejecta between Telesto and Calypso: Tadpoles, horseshoes, and passing orbits
摘要：
我们已经数值积分的轨道喷出物从Telesto和Calypso，两个小特洛伊的同伴土星的主要卫星土卫三。喷出物发射的速度相当于或超过其母公司的逃逸速度，符合影响风化层表面。我们发现，喷出物的命运分为几个不同的类别，这取决于发射的速度和方向。最慢的喷射物沿着亚轨道轨道飞行，在不到一天的时间内重新撞击它们的来源卫星。稍微快一点的碎片几乎无法逃出母星的希尔球，并被限制在蝌蚪轨道上，围绕特提斯的三角形拉格朗日点L4（领先，靠近Telesto）或L5（落后，靠近Calypso）振动，其轨道半长轴几乎与特提斯，Telesto和Calypso相同。这些喷出物最终也会重新撞击它们的来源卫星，但平均寿命只有几十年。那些在头十年左右重新撞击的生命周期接近348.6天的整数倍（蝌蚪周期的一半）。方位角速度分量大于10米/秒的速度更快的碎片进入马蹄形轨道，该轨道包围L4和L5以及L3，但避开特提斯及其希尔球。这些喷出物以类似的速度撞击Telesto或Calypso，平均寿命为数千年。然而，它们无法到达特提斯本身;只有最快的喷出物，其方位角速度>~ 40 m/s，才能达到能够遇到特提斯的“通过轨道”。土卫三在几年内吸积了这些喷出物中的大部分，但其中约1%的喷出物在几百年的时间尺度上向内散射并撞击土卫二或向外撞击土卫四。
英文摘要：
We have numerically integrated the orbits of ejecta from Telesto and Calypso, the two small Trojan companions of Saturn's major satellite Tethys. Ejecta were launched with speeds comparable to or exceeding their parent's escape velocity, consistent with impacts into regolith surfaces. We find that the fates of ejecta fall into several distinct categories, depending on both the speed and direction of launch. The slowest ejecta follow sub-orbital trajectories and re-impact their source moon in less than one day. Slightly faster debris barely escape their parent's Hill sphere and are confined to tadpole orbits, librating about Tethys' triangular Lagrange points L4 (leading, near Telesto) or L5 (trailing, near Calypso) with nearly the same orbital semi-major axis as Tethys, Telesto, and Calypso. These ejecta too eventually re-impact their source moon, but with a median lifetime of a few dozen years. Those which re-impact within the first ten years or so have lifetimes near integer multiples of 348.6 days (half the tadpole period). Still faster debris with azimuthal velocity components >~ 10 m/s enter horseshoe orbits which enclose both L4 and L5 as well as L3, but which avoid Tethys and its Hill sphere. These ejecta impact either Telesto or Calypso at comparable rates, with median lifetimes of several thousand years. However, they cannot reach Tethys itself; only the fastest ejecta, with azimuthal velocities >~ 40 m/s, achieve "passing orbits" which are able to encounter Tethys. Tethys accretes most of these ejecta within several years, but some 1 % of them are scattered either inward to hit Enceladus or outward to strike Dione, over timescales on the order of a few hundred years.
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