一个新的可见宇宙模型及其意义
A New Cosmological Model for the Visible Universe and its Implications
摘要：
假设宇宙是均匀的和各向同性的，并应用高斯的引力通量定理，可见宇宙的引力场可以被计算为好像可见宇宙的整个质量位于一个点上。考虑到可见宇宙的质量为M= 2 × 10 ^{53} kg，似乎整个可见宇宙都在一个半径为R_{ps} = 14.3 Gpc的{ \it光子球}内。目前的可见宇宙模型必须加以修正，以说明测量到的14.0 \pm 0.2 Gpc的视界距离不是一条直线。相反，它是具有该长度的圆弧，因为所有光子都在光子球内。我们的模型将可见宇宙解释为半径为4.46 \pm 0.06 Gpc的球体表面（或球体壳的内部）和位于该球体（壳）上的事件视界，大小为14.0 \pm 0.2 Gpc。该模型预测了Ia型超新星的CMB红移和引力作用下的时间延缓。在没有暴胀理论的情况下，它解释了宇宙微波背景的各向同性和均匀性。它预言了哈勃常数H_0 = 67.26 \pm 0.90 km/s/Mpc的正确值，宇宙膨胀率H（z）与观测值一致，以及事件视界的速度。通过相对论能量修正，我们的模型也提供了一个解释临界密度不使用暗物质。它解释了Ia型超新星的红移与宇宙加速膨胀和暗能量无关。它解释了全息原理的非协变版本与计算出的可见宇宙的无量纲熵（S/k）之间存在差异的原因，该熵超过了黑洞的熵。该模型与空间射电源的分布、Ia型数据以及HUDF光学和近红外测量数据一致。
英文摘要：
Assuming that the universe is homogenous and isotropic and applying Gauss' flux theorem for gravity, it follows that the gravitational field of the visible universe can be calculated as if the entire mass of the visible universe is located in one point. Taking into account that the mass of the visible universe is M=2x10^{53} kg, it appears that the entire visible universe is inside a {\it photon sphere} of radius R_{ps} = 14.3 Gpc. The current model for the visible universe must be corrected to account for the fact that measured horizon distance of 14.0 \pm 0.2 Gpc is not a straight line. Rather it is an arc of a circle with that length, because all photons are inside the photon sphere. Our model interprets the visible universe as a surface of a sphere (or an inside of a sphere shell) with radius 4.46 \pm 0.06 Gpc and an event horizon, located on that sphere (shell), with size of 14.0 \pm 0.2 Gpc. The model predicts CMB redshift and time dilatation of Type Ia supernovae by gravitation. It explains, without inflation theory, the isotropy and uniformity of the CMB. It predicts the correct value for the Hubble constant H_0 = 67.26 \pm 0.90 km/s/Mpc, the cosmic expansion rate H(z) in agreement with observations, and the speed of the event horizon. Through relativistic energy correction, our model also provides an explanation for critical density without use of dark matter. It explains that Type Ia supernovae redshifts are not related to the accelerated expansion of the universe and dark energy. It explains the reason for the established discrepancy between the non-covariant version of the holographic principle and the calculated dimensionless entropy (S/k) for the visible universe, which exceeds the entropy of a black hole. The model is in agreement with the distribution of radio sources in space, Type Ia data, and data from the HUDF optical and near-infrared survey.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
