宇宙年龄问题的再探讨
Revisit of cosmic age problem
摘要：
本文研究了M31星系中9个极老球状星团和$z=3.91$上1个极老高$z$类星体APM 08279 + 5255的宇宙年龄问题。这9个球状星团在以往的文献中没有被用于研究宇宙年龄问题。通过在SNIa、BAO、CMB和独立的$H_0$观测数据约束下计算$Λ$ CDM模型中的宇宙年龄，我们发现5个球状星团和1个高$z$类星体的存在与当前的宇宙学观测存在着矛盾（超过2个$σ$置信水平）.因此，如果这些天体的年龄估计是正确的，宇宙年龄之谜仍然存在于标准宇宙学中。此外，我们将我们的研究扩展到相互作用的暗能量模型的情况。研究发现，虽然引入暗扇区之间的相互作用可以给出更大的宇宙年龄，但相互作用的暗能量模型仍然难以通过宇宙年龄的检验。
英文摘要：
We investigate the cosmic age problem associated with 9 extremely old globular clusters in M31 galaxy and 1 very old high-$z$ quasar APM 08279 + 5255 at $z=3.91$. These 9 globular clusters have not been used to study the cosmic age problem in the previous literature. By evaluating the age of the universe in the $Λ$CDM model with the observational constraints from the SNIa, the BAO, the CMB, and the independent $H_0$ measurements, we find that the existence of 5 globular clusters and 1 high-$z$ quasar are in tension (over 2$σ$ confidence level) with the current cosmological observations. So if the age estimates of these objects are correct, the cosmic age puzzle still remains in the standard cosmology. Moreover, we extend our investigations to the cases of the interacting dark energy models. It is found that although the introduction of the interaction between dark sectors can give a larger cosmic age, the interacting dark energy models still have difficulty to pass the cosmic age test.
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