磁通量子比特与angular momentum守恒定律
Flux-qubit and the law of angular momentum conservation
摘要：
许多作者对使用由约瑟夫森结中断的超导回路作为量子比特（通量量子比特）的基础的可能性的信心假定了关于具有宏观上不同的角动量的两个宏观上不同的量子态的叠加的假设。这一假设与宏观实在论和守恒定律的矛盾必然会使关于通量量子比特的众多出版物受到质疑。这些出版物揭示了许多现代物理学家对叠加原理本质的误解。爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森（EPR）关联或纠缠，在1935年由哥本哈根解释的反对者为了揭示这一原则与现实主义的矛盾而引入，为量子计算的思想提供了基础。EPR相关性的问题之所以出现，要归功于量子理论的创造者之间关于其描述主题的哲学争论。因此，如果不深入了解这场哲学争论的实质，就不可能正确地解决量子计算机的创造问题。对量子基础哲学问题的完全忽视导致了具体的错误，例如关于通量量子比特的出版物。为了防止将来发生这样的错误，我们考虑了关于叠加和纠缠的本质以及量子描述的哲学问题。
英文摘要：
The confidence of many authors in the possibility to use superconducting loop interrupted by Josephson junctions as a basis for quantum bit, flux qubit, presumes the assumption on superposition of two macroscopically distinct quantum states with macroscopically different angular momentum. The contradiction of this assumption with macroscopic realism and the conservation law must call the numerous publications about flux qubit in question. These publications uncover misunderstanding by many modern physicists of the essence of the superposition principle. The Einstein - Podolsky - Rosen (EPR) correlation or entanglement, introduced in 1935 by opponents of the Copenhagen interpretation in order to reveal the contradiction of this principle with realism, has provided a basis of the idea of quantum computation. The problem of the EPR correlation has emerged thanks to philosophical controversy between the creators of the quantum theory about the subject of its description. Therefore it is impossible to solve correctly the problem of quantum computer creation without the insight into the essence of this philosophical controversy. The total neglect of the philosophical problems of quantum foundation results to concrete mistakes, the example of which are the publications about flux qubit. In order to prevent such mistakes in the future the philosophical questions about the essence of superposition and entanglement and about the subject of quantum description are considered.
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