暗能量第五元素天体物理学地位的证据
Evidence for the Fifth Element Astrophysical status of Dark Energy
摘要：
10年前哈勃图所揭示的遥远Ia型超新星加速膨胀的证据代表了基础物理学和宇宙学的一次重大现代革命。对于引力在大尺度上变得相斥这一事实的解释，究竟是应该在广义相对论中找到，还是应该在一个新的引力理论中找到，目前还不清楚。然而，这种加速的现有证据都来自天体物理观测。在接受对基础物理学的重大修订之前，批判性地审视天体物理学观测的现状及其解释中可能存在的局限性是很有趣的。在这篇评论中，主要的各种观测探测器以及解释它们的框架，特别注意复杂的天体物理学和理论假设，可能会限制实际证据的加速膨胀。即使用怀疑的眼光审视，宇宙加速膨胀的证据也是强有力的。对它的起源的调查似乎是现代物理学最迷人的挑战。
英文摘要：
Evidence for an accelerated expansion of the universe as it has been revealed ten years ago by the Hubble diagram of distant type Ia supernovae represents one of the major modern revolutions for fundamental physics and cosmology. It is yet unclear whether the explanation of the fact that gravity becomes repulsive on large scales should be found within general relativity or within a new theory of gravitation. However, existing evidences for this acceleration all come from astrophysical observations. Before accepting a drastic revision of fundamental physics, it is interesting to critically examine the present situation of the astrophysical observations and the possible limitation in their interpretation. In this review, the main various observational probes are presented as well as the framework to interpret them with special attention to the complex astrophysics and theoretical hypotheses that may limit actual evidences for the acceleration of the expansion. Even when scrutinized with sceptical eyes, the evidence for an accelerating universe is robust. Investigation of its very origin appears as the most fascinating challenge of modern physics.
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