arXiv 1005.34492010-05-19quant-ph

纠缠、棘手和无信号

Entanglement, intractability and no-signaling

R. Srikanth

备注：: 17 pages, 2 figures (REVTeX 4)
发表信息：: Physica Scripta 81 (2010) 065002
DOI：: 10.1088/0031-8949/81/06/065002

摘要：

我们考虑的问题，推导出无信号条件的假设，从复杂性理论的角度来看，宇宙不是一个指数的地方。不允许这样的推导的一个事实是存在{ \em多项式超光速}门，假设的原始操作，使超光速信号，但不是棘手问题的有效解决方案。因此，如果这一假设是物理学的基本原理，那么它要么必须补充额外的假设来禁止这种门，要么不可能，无信号不是一个普遍的条件。然而，这种门可能是隐含的，虽然没有被认为是这样，在一个十年前的量子光学实验，涉及位置-动量纠缠光子。在这里，我们描述了一个可行的修改版本的实验，似乎明确证明了这个门的作用。一些明显的反诉被证明是无效的。我们认为多项式超光速操作的意外可能性的出现，因为一些实际测量的量子光学量是不能描述为标准的量子力学可观测量。

英文摘要：

We consider the problem of deriving the no-signaling condition from the assumption that, as seen from a complexity theoretic perspective, the universe is not an exponential place. A fact that disallows such a derivation is the existence of {\em polynomial superluminal} gates, hypothetical primitive operations that enable superluminal signaling but not the efficient solution of intractable problems. It therefore follows, if this assumption is a basic principle of physics, either that it must be supplemented with additional assumptions to prohibit such gates, or, improbably, that no-signaling is not a universal condition. Yet, a gate of this kind is possibly implicit, though not recognized as such, in a decade-old quantum optical experiment involving position-momentum entangled photons. Here we describe a feasible modified version of the experiment that appears to explicitly demonstrate the action of this gate. Some obvious counter-claims are shown to be invalid. We believe that the unexpected possibility of polynomial superluminal operations arises because some practically measured quantum optical quantities are not describable as standard quantum mechanical observables.

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