带电矢量玻色子凝聚体的铁磁性质
Ferromagnetic properties of charged vector boson condensate
摘要：
研究了早期宇宙中W玻色子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚。结果表明，在标准电弱理论的破缺阶段，凝聚态W玻色子形成自旋对齐的铁磁态。在这种情况下，原始等离子体可能在宏观上的大区域内自发磁化，并形成磁场，这可能是今天观察到的银河系和星系际场的种子。然而，在修正的理论中，例如在没有规范玻色子的四次自相互作用或弱混合角较小的理论中，反铁磁凝聚是可能的。在后一种情况下，W玻色子形成宏观上具有大电荷密度的标量凝聚体，即W矢量场的双线性积的平均值大，但场本身的平均值微观上小。
英文摘要：
Bose-Einstein condensation of W bosons in the early universe is studied. It is shown that, in the broken phase of the standard electroweak theory, condensed W bosons form a ferromagnetic state with aligned spins. In this case the primeval plasma may be spontaneously magnetized inside macroscopically large domains and form magnetic fields which may be seeds for the observed today galactic and intergalactic fields. However, in a modified theory, e.g. in a theory without quartic self interactions of gauge bosons or for a smaller value of the weak mixing angle, antiferromagnetic condensation is possible. In the latter case W bosons form scalar condensate with macroscopically large electric charge density i.e. with a large average value of the bilinear product of W-vector fields but with microscopically small average value of the field itself.
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