银河系中与恒星形成有关的水脉泽
Water Masers Associated with Star Formation in the Antennae Galaxies
摘要：
本文介绍了最近发现的类银河系水脉泽的甚大阵观测结果，分辨率为80毫角秒（~9 pc），这些水脉泽存在于相互作用星系（NGC 4038/NGC 4039; Arp 244）中。探测到三个水脉泽发射区：两个在"相互作用区“（IAR），第三个在NGC 4039核以西约5.6”（> 600 pc）。各向同性水脉泽的亮度范围为1.3 - 7.7L_sun。所有这三个脉泽区域在光学/近红外连续谱中大多被遮蔽，并且与大量CO识别的分子云一致。水脉泽的速度与分子气体的速度非常一致。我们还提出了档案VLA 3.6厘米数据与~0.28”（~30 pc）和~0.8”（~90 pc）的分辨率对微波激射器的位置。所有三个脉泽区域都与紧凑的3.6厘米射电连续辐射相一致，其中两个主要由热电离气体组成，这表明存在着含有相当于几千颗O星的超级星团。我们还将射电数据与现有的HST ACS（光学）和NICMOS（近红外）数据进行了详细的比较，发现IAR中的两个脉泽区也与Paα发射有关，而且两个源都没有被探测到。这些结果突出了利用银河系模拟水脉泽精确定位年轻超级团簇形成的精确角分辨率的潜力。
英文摘要：
We present Very Large Array observations with 80 milliarcsecond resolution (~9 pc) of the recently discovered Galactic-analog water masers in the Antennae interacting galaxies (NGC 4038/NGC 4039; Arp244). Three regions of water maser emission are detected: two in the ``interaction region'' (IAR) and the third ~5.6'' (> 600 pc) west of the NGC 4039 nucleus. The isotropic water maser luminosities range from 1.3 to 7.7 L_sun. All three maser regions are mostly obscured in the optical/near-infrared continuum, and are coincident with massive CO-identified molecular clouds. The water maser velocities are in excellent agreement with those of the molecular gas. We also present archival VLA 3.6 cm data with ~0.28" (~30 pc) and ~0.8" (~90 pc) resolution toward the maser locations. All three maser regions are coincident with compact 3.6 cm radio continuum emission, and two are dominated by thermal ionized gas, suggesting the presence of natal super star clusters containing the equivalent of a few thousand O stars. We also present detailed comparisons between the radio data and existing HST ACS (optical) and NICMOS (near-IR) data and find that both maser regions in the IAR are also associated with Paαemission and neither source is detected shortward of 2 microns. These results highlight the potential of using Galactic-analog water masers to pinpoint sites of young super star cluster formation with exquisite angular resolution.
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