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arXiv 1005.0656cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.mes-hall
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一维玻色气体中的亚稳量子相变

Metastable Quantum Phase Transitions in a One-Dimensional Bose Gas

Lincoln D. Carr, Rina Kanamoto, Masahito Ueda

备注：
29 pages, 12 figures, book will appear later this year; v2 is in improved format and includes small corrections for final version
发表信息：
Chap. 13 in "Understanding Quantum Phase Transitions", ed. Lincoln D. Carr (Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, Florida, 2010)
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摘要：

这是一本书的一章。本章的第一段如下：“超冷量子气体为量子多体物理学提供了一个奇妙的舞台，因为实验系统是广泛可控的，无论是静态还是动态。一个这样的系统是环上的一维（1D）玻色气体。在这个系统中，组成玻色子的原子（通常是碱金属）之间的二元接触相互作用可以在符号和数量级上进行控制;最近的一项实验使用称为费什巴赫共振的原子-分子共振将相互作用调谐到了七个数量级以上。因此，人们可以直接实现从弱相互作用到强相互作用的Lieb-Liniger哈密顿量。与此同时，有一些实验利用环陷阱。环形几何也为我们提供了研究该系统拓扑性质的机会;超流体的主要性质之一是量子化循环，其中每个粒子的平均角动量L/N在旋转下量子化。因此，我们专注于一个可调的一维玻色系统的主要控制参数是相互作用和旋转。我们将证明在相互作用-转动控制参数平面上存在一个临界边界，在该边界上系统的拓扑性质发生变化。这是我们的\textit{metastable quantum phase transitions}（QPT）概念的基础。此外，我们将证明环的有限域是QPT发生的必要条件，因为零点动压可以诱导QPT，即，该系统必须是有限的，因此，我们试图推广的概念QPT固有有限的，介观或纳米系统。"

英文摘要：

This is a chapter for a book. The first paragraph of this chapter is as follows: "Ultracold quantum gases offer a wonderful playground for quantum many body physics, as experimental systems are widely controllable, both statically and dynamically. One such system is the one-dimensional (1D) Bose gas on a ring. In this system binary contact interactions between the constituent bosonic atoms, usually alkali metals, can be controlled in both sign and magnitude; a recent experiment has tuned interactions over seven orders of magnitude, using an atom-molecule resonance called a Feshbach resonance. Thus one can directly realize the Lieb-Liniger Hamiltonian, from the weakly- to the strongly-interacting regime. At the same time there are a number of experiments utilizing ring traps. The ring geometry affords us the opportunity to study topological properties of this system as well; one of the main properties of a superfluid is the quantized circulation in which the average angular momentum per particle, L/N, is quantized under rotation. Thus we focus on a tunable 1D Bose system for which the main control parameters are interaction and rotation. We will show that there is a critical boundary in the interaction-rotation control-parameter plane over which the topological properties of the system change. This is the basis of our concept of \textit{metastable quantum phase transitions} (QPTs). Moreover, we will show that the finite domain of the ring is necessary for the QPT to occur at all because the zero-point kinetic pressure can induce QPTs, i.e., the system must be finite; we thus seek to generalize the concept of QPTs to inherently finite, mesoscopic or nanoscopic systems."

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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