单轴对称稀土晶体中的自旋轨道锁定和剪模
Spin-Orbit Locking and Scissors Modes in rare earth crystals with uniaxial symmetry
摘要：
最近的一项实验对稀土$4f$电子系统中自旋轨道强度和晶体场强度的标准相对值提出了质疑，根据该标准相对值，前者应该比后者大一个数量级。我们发现很难使标准的晶场强度值与磁各向异性的单离子模型相一致。然而，如果在稀土系统中，自旋-轨道力比晶体场大得多，那么$4f$电子的自旋和轨道应该彼此锁定。对于自旋不为零的稀土，外加磁场应使自旋和电荷密度分布都旋转。我们建议通过实验来研究这种自旋轨道锁定的可能性，从而通过研究这种系统中的剪刀模来检验标准图像。
英文摘要：
A recent experiment has questioned the standard relative value of spin-orbit and crystal-field strengths in rare-earth $4f$ electron systems, according to which the first should be one order of magnitude larger that the second. We find it difficult to reconcile the standard values of crystal field strength with the Single Ion Model of magnetic anisotropy. If in rare-earth systems the spin-orbit force is much larger than the crystal field, however, spin and orbit of $4f$ electrons should be locked to each other. For rare earths with non-vanishing spin, an applied magnetic field should rotate both spin and charge density profile. We suggest experiments to investigate the possible occurrence of such Spin-Orbit Locking, thus making a test of the standard picture, by studying the Scissors Modes in such systems.
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