We calculate and analyze the longevity of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave modes that occur in the plane of a magnetic thin sheet. Initial turbulent conditions applied to a magnetically subcritical cloud are shown to lead to relatively rapid energy decay if ambipolar diffusion is introduced at a level corresponding to partial ionization primarily by cosmic rays. However, in the flux-freezing limit, as may be applicable to photoionized molecular cloud envelopes, the turbulence persists at "nonlinear" levels in comparison with the isothermal sound speed $\cs$, with one-dimensional rms material motions in the range of $\approx 2\,\cs -5\,\cs$ for cloud sizes in the range of $\approx 2\,\pc - 16\,\pc$. These fluctuations persist indefinitely, maintaining a significant portion of the initial turbulent kinetic energy. We find the analytic explanation for these persistent fluctuations. They are magnetic-tension-driven modes associated with the interaction of the sheet with the external magnetic field. The phase speed of such modes is quite large, allowing residual motions to persist without dissipation in the flux-freezing limit, even as they are nonlinear with respect to the sound speed. We speculate that long-lived large-scale MHD modes such as these may provide the key to understanding observed supersonic motions in molecular clouds.
Clouds of Theseus: long-lived molecular clouds are composed of short-lived H2 molecules
我们使用被动气体示踪粒子在一个矮螺旋星系的Arepo模拟恒星形成的气体包裹和他们的H2分子的演变,他们的主机巨型分子云的拉格朗日演化。我们发现,H2的中位化学寿命仅为400万年,独立于其宿主分子云的寿命,其可能从1到9000万年不等,星系中所有恒星形成的相当一部分发生在相对长寿的云。早期的恒星反馈导致气体从年轻的大质量恒星周围快速喷射,这是造成H2存活时间短的原因,降低了周围气体的密度,因此它的H2分子被星际辐射场解离。这种从H2主导状态的气体喷射被来自银河系环境的新气体的不断吸积所平衡,构成了分子云演化的“竞争模型”。气体喷射的速率与分子云的质量成正比,因此云的寿命取决于吸积速率,在寿命最长的云中,吸积速率可能高达4 x 10^4 Msol/Myr。因此,我们的研究结果解决了观测年轻大质量恒星周围快速气体喷射和观测星系中长寿分子云之间的冲突,这些分子云通常存活数十万年。我们发现,最快的吸积,最长的寿命,最高质量的云驱动超新星集群的子云规模,这反过来又是一个关键的驱动程序的星系外流。
From short-lived to long-lived clouds: impact of star formation models on giant molecular cloud evolution in simulations of an NGC 300-like galaxy
Yonsei University(延世大学);Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute(韩国天体物理与空间科学研究所);Korea Institute for Advanced Study(韩国高等研究院);University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon1, Ens de Lyon(里昂天体物理研究中心)
Structure and Stability of Filamentary Clouds Supported by Lateral Magnetic Field
本文建立了两种主要由磁张力支持的等温对流云的解析模型。第一个描述了一个孤立的云,而第二个考虑周期性间隔的云。这两个模型都假定对流云是高度扁平的。证明了前者是后者的渐近极限,其中每个平行云远小于到相邻暗条的距离。我们发现,这些模型再现了Tomisaka(2014)的二维平衡模型的主要特征,用于垂直磁场穿过的对流云。计算还表明,云的临界质量通量比为$ M /Φ= (2 π\sqrt{G}) ^{-1} $,其中$ M $、$ Φ$和$ G $分别表示云的质量、云的总磁通量和引力常量.这个上界与极向磁场支持的轴对称云的上界一致。我们应用变分原理研究了第一模型的Jeans不稳定性。我们的模型云是不稳定的,对破碎以及由纵向磁场穿云。增长最快的模式的波长是云直径的几倍。第二个模型描述了双极扩散作用下粘性分子云的准静态演化。