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arXiv 1004.0780quant-phcond-mat.otherphysics.atom-phphysics.plasm-ph
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利用囚禁离子的超灵敏力和位移检测

Ultrasensitive force and displacement detection using trapped ions

M. J. Biercuk, H. Uys, J. W. Britton, A. P. VanDevender, J. J. Bollinger

备注：
Expanded introduction and analysis. Methods section added. Subject to press embargo
发表信息：
Nature Nanotechnology, 2010
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摘要：

检测极小力的能力对于各种学科至关重要，包括精密自旋共振成像，显微镜和基本物理现象的测试。通过将微或纳米制造的机械谐振器耦合到包括单电子晶体管、超导微波腔和单个自旋的各种物理系统，当前力检测灵敏度极限已经超过1 $aN/\sqrt{Hz}$（atto $=10^{-18}$）。这些实验允许探测研究的各种现象，但灵敏度的要求不断增加，作为新的制度的物理相互作用被认为是。在这里，我们表明，被困的原子离子是非常敏感的力探测器，测量的灵敏度超过三个数量级优于现有的报告。我们证明检测力小至174 $yN$（yocto $=10^{-24}$），灵敏度为390 $\pm150$ $yN/\sqrt{Hz}$，使用晶体的$n=60$ $^{9}$是$^{+}$离子在潘宁陷阱。我们的技术是基于正常的运动模式在离子阱中的外部施加的电场，检测通过和相位相干多普勒测速仪，它允许歧视的离子运动与纳米尺度上的振幅的激发。这些实验结果和提取的力检测灵敏度在单离子极限验证建议，表明捕获的原子离子能够检测力的灵敏度接近1 $yN/\sqrt{Hz}$。我们预计，这一演示将是一个新的类的可部署的捕获离子为基础的传感器的发展，并将允许科学家进入新的制度在材料科学的强烈动机。

英文摘要：

The ability to detect extremely small forces is vital for a variety of disciplines including precision spin-resonance imaging, microscopy, and tests of fundamental physical phenomena. Current force-detection sensitivity limits have surpassed 1 $aN/\sqrt{Hz}$ (atto $=10^{-18}$) through coupling of micro or nanofabricated mechanical resonators to a variety of physical systems including single-electron transistors, superconducting microwave cavities, and individual spins. These experiments have allowed for probing studies of a variety of phenomena, but sensitivity requirements are ever-increasing as new regimes of physical interactions are considered. Here we show that trapped atomic ions are exquisitely sensitive force detectors, with a measured sensitivity more than three orders of magnitude better than existing reports. We demonstrate detection of forces as small as 174 $yN$ (yocto $=10^{-24}$), with a sensitivity 390$\pm150$ $yN/\sqrt{Hz}$ using crystals of $n=60$ $^{9}$Be$^{+}$ ions in a Penning trap. Our technique is based on the excitation of normal motional modes in an ion trap by externally applied electric fields, detection via and phase-coherent Doppler velocimetry, which allows for the discrimination of ion motion with amplitudes on the scale of nanometers. These experimental results and extracted force-detection sensitivities in the single-ion limit validate proposals suggesting that trapped atomic ions are capable of detecting of forces with sensitivity approaching 1 $yN/\sqrt{Hz}$. We anticipate that this demonstration will be strongly motivational for the development of a new class of deployable trapped-ion-based sensors, and will permit scientists to access new regimes in materials science.

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