电磁学与引力中的摆动与反冲
Bobbing and Kicks in Electromagnetism and Gravity
摘要：
我们研究系统类似的二元黑洞的自旋，以获得一些洞察的起源和性质的“bobbing”运动和“踢”，发生在这个系统。我们的基本工具是一个一般的形式主义，用于描述扩展的测试机构在弯曲时空的外部电磁场中的运动，并可能受到其他力量。我们首先表明，正是在数值模拟中观察到的类型的双黑洞系统的摆动发生在一个简单的系统，由两个旋转的球连接的弹性带在平坦的时空。这种摆动可以被理解为由旋转体的“实验室坐标系质心”和其真实的质量质心之间的差异引起的，并且纯粹是“运动学的”，在这个意义上，它将出现而不管将两个旋转体保持在轨道上的力如何。接下来，我们发展出精确的规则，将平坦时空中的带电物体在静止外部电磁场中的运动与弱弯曲静止时空中的物体运动联系起来。然后，我们考虑的系统由两个轨道电荷的磁偶极矩和自旋的近似水平对应于1.5后牛顿秩序。在这里我们发现，物体和电磁场之间交换了大量的动量;然而，物体完全将这种动量存储为“隐藏的”机械动量，因此这种交换不会引起任何净波动。发生的净浮动是由于纯粹的运动学自旋效应，因此，我们认为，电磁双星的净浮动是不相关的可能踢。我们相信这个结论在引力的情况下也成立。
英文摘要：
We study systems analogous to binary black holes with spin in order to gain some insight into the origin and nature of "bobbing" motion and "kicks" that occur in this system. Our basic tool is a general formalism for describing the motion of extended test bodies in an external electromagnetic field in curved spacetime and possibly subject to other forces. We first show that bobbing of exactly the type as observed in numerical simulations of the binary black hole system occurs in a simple system consisting of two spinning balls connected by an elastic band in flat spacetime. This bobbing may be understood as arising from the difference between a spinning body's "lab frame centroid" and its true center of mass, and is purely "kinematical" in the sense that it will appear regardless of the forces holding two spinning bodies in orbit. Next, we develop precise rules for relating the motion of charged bodies in a stationary external electromagnetic field in flat spacetime with the motion of bodies in a weakly curved stationary spacetime. We then consider the system consisting of two orbiting charges with magnetic dipole moment and spin at a level of approximation corresponding to 1.5 post-Newtonian order. Here we find that considerable amounts of momentum are exchanged between the bodies and the electromagnetic field; however, the bodies store this momentum entirely as "hidden" mechanical momentum, so that the interchange does not give rise to any net bobbing. The net bobbing that does occur is due solely to the kinematical spin effect, and we therefore argue that the net bobbing of the electromagnetic binary is not associated with possible kicks. We believe that this conclusion holds in the gravitational case as well.
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