结合精确误差传播的表面码量子纠错
Surface code quantum error correction incorporating accurate error propagation
摘要：
表面码是一种功能强大的量子纠错码，可以在仅具有最近邻相互作用的量子比特的2-D正方形晶格上定义。症候群和数据量子位形成棋盘图案。关于错误的信息是通过在与其四个最近邻数据量子位适当相互作用后重复测量每个伴随子量子位来获得的。测量值的变化表明存在空间和时间上的误差链。确定可能将代码返回到其无错误状态的操作的标准方法是使用最小权重匹配算法来连接测量变化对与校正链，使得使用最小的校正总数。先前的工作没有考虑到两个量子比特相互作用在空间和时间中的误差传播。我们表明，考虑到这一点导致二次改善的逻辑错误率。
英文摘要：
The surface code is a powerful quantum error correcting code that can be defined on a 2-D square lattice of qubits with only nearest neighbor interactions. Syndrome and data qubits form a checkerboard pattern. Information about errors is obtained by repeatedly measuring each syndrome qubit after appropriate interaction with its four nearest neighbor data qubits. Changes in the measurement value indicate the presence of chains of errors in space and time. The standard method of determining operations likely to return the code to its error-free state is to use the minimum weight matching algorithm to connect pairs of measurement changes with chains of corrections such that the minimum total number of corrections is used. Prior work has not taken into account the propagation of errors in space and time by the two-qubit interactions. We show that taking this into account leads to a quadratic improvement of the logical error rate.
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