两个太阳极小期的比较：窄流柄区和流柄区外的开放磁通量守恒
Comparison of Two Solar Minima: Narrower Streamer Stalk Region and Conserved Open Magnetic Flux in the Region Outside of Streamer Stalk
摘要：
为了探索最近的两个太阳极小期之间的差异，我们分析了现场ACE和ULYSSES观测，并检查了三种类型的太阳风（流光柄相关风，风从外面的流光柄，可以关联，部分地，与冕洞，行星际日冕物质抛射）的分布。我们使用Zhao et al.（2009）提供的分类法来识别太阳风的三种类型。然后，我们将现场观测映射到2.5太阳半径的表面。利用位场源面模型（PFSS），计算了太阳风“足点”到该面上局地日面电流片的法向距离。我们发现，与以前的最小值相比，流光柄风的源区更窄。因此，在两个连续的太阳活动极小期内，流柄区外的面积较大，但观测到的磁场强度较低，因此流柄区外的磁开通量总量保持不变。讨论了太阳磁场行为模型中开放磁通量守恒的意义。
英文摘要：
To explore the difference between the most two recent solar minima, we analyze the in-situ ACE and ULYSSES observations and examine the distributions of the three types of solar wind (streamer-stalk-associated wind, wind from outside the streamer stalk that can be associated, in part, with coronal holes, and interplanetary coronal mass ejections). We use the taxonomy provided by Zhao et al. (2009) to identify the three types of solar wind. We then map the in-situ observations to the 2.5 solar radii surface. With the aid of the potential-field-source surface model (PFSS), we calculate the normal distance from the solar wind "foot point" to the local helisopheric current sheet on that surface. We find that the source region of the streamer stalk wind is narrower compared to the previous minimum. The area outside the streamer stalk is accordingly larger, but the magnetic field strength is observed to be lower, with the result that the total amount of the magnetic open flux from the outside of streamer stalk region is conserved in the two successive solar minima. The implications of the conservation of open magnetic flux for models of the behavior of the solar magnetic field are discussed.
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