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arXiv 1003.4198astro-ph.GA
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大质量DR21暗条中的动态恒星形成

Dynamic star formation in the massive DR21 filament

N. Schneider, T. Csengeri, S. Bontemps, F. Motte, R. Simon, P. Hennebelle, C. Federrath, R. Klessen

摘要:

大质量恒星的形成是一个高度复杂的过程,在这个过程中,恒星形成气体是处于全球性的引力坍缩,还是处于由湍流支持的平衡态,我们并不清楚。通过研究银河系中距离小于3 kpc的最大质量和最密集的恒星形成区域之一,包含着名的源DR 21和DR 21(OH)的灯丝,我们希望找到允许区分这两种观点的观测特征。我们使用的分子线数据从我们的13 CO 1-0,CS 2-1,和N2 H + 1-0的天鹅座X区域的调查获得的FCRAO和高角分辨率观测CO,CS,HCO+,N2 H+,和H2 CO,获得的IRAM 30米望远镜。我们观察到一个复杂的速度场和速度分散在DR 21灯丝中,其中最高的列密度,即致密的核心,有一个较低的速度分散比周围的气体和速度梯度,不是(只)由于旋转。沿整个DR 21灯丝观察到HCO+和12 CO光学粗线轮廓中的入射特征。通过对观测到的光谱进行建模,我们得到了构成暗条的两个主要团块的典型的下沉速度为0.6 km/s,质量吸积速率为10^-3 Msun/yr。这些巨大的(4900和3300 Msun)团块都在引力作用下收缩。DR 21暗条的所有运动学特征都可以解释为它是由大尺度的气流汇聚而形成的,并且现在处于全球引力坍缩状态。这种流动的汇聚是源于更大尺度上的自引力还是其他过程,目前的研究还不能解决。所观察到的速度场和速度色散是一致的(磁)流体动力学模拟的核心位于收敛湍流的驻点的结果。

英文摘要:

The formation of massive stars is a highly complex process in which it is not clear whether the star-forming gas is in global gravitational collapse or in an equilibrium state, supported by turbulence. By studying one of the most massive and dense star-forming regions in the Galaxy at a distance of less than 3 kpc, the filament containing the well-known sources DR21 and DR21(OH), we expect to find observational signatures that allow to discriminate between the two views. We use molecular line data from our 13CO 1-0, CS 2-1, and N2H+ 1-0 survey of the Cygnus X region obtained with the FCRAO and high-angular resolution observations of CO, CS, HCO+, N2H+, and H2CO, obtained with the IRAM 30m telescope. We observe a complex velocity field and velocity dispersion in the DR21 filament in which regions of highest column-density, i.e. dense cores, have a lower velocity dispersion than the surrounding gas and velocity gradients that are not (only) due to rotation. Infall signatures in optically thick line profiles of HCO+ and 12CO are observed along and across the whole DR21 filament. From modelling the observed spectra, we obtain a typical infall speed of 0.6 km/s and mass accretion rates of the order of a few 10^-3 Msun/yr for the two main clumps constituting the filament. These massive (4900 and 3300 Msun) clumps are both gravitationally contracting. All observed kinematic features in the DR21 filament can be explained if it is formed by the convergence of flows at large scales and is now in a state of global gravitational collapse. Whether this convergence of flows originated from self-gravity at larger scales or from other processes can not be settled with the present study. The observed velocity field and velocity dispersion are consistent with results from (magneto)-hydrodynamic simulations where the cores lie at the stagnation points of convergent turbulent flows.

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