The GalMer database：虚拟天文台中的星系合并
The GalMer database: Galaxy Mergers in the Virtual Observatory
摘要：
我们提出的GalMer数据库，星系合并模拟库，提供给用户通过兼容的虚拟天文台（VO）的标准，专门为这个理论数据库。为了研究通过分层合并形成星系形成的物理学，有必要模拟改变大量参数的星系相互作用：形态类型，质量比，轨道配置等。一方面，这些模拟必须在宇宙学背景下运行，能够提供大量的星系对，边界条件由大规模模拟给出，另一方面，在星系尺度上，分辨率必须足够高，以提供真实的物理学。GalMer数据库是一个以中等空间分辨率模拟星系合并的数千个库，它是初始条件多样性和基础物理细节之间的折衷。我们在FITS二进制表中提供了模拟粒子的所有坐标和数据。该数据库的主要优势是虚拟观测访问接口和增值服务，使用户能够直接将模拟结果与观测结果进行比较：恒星星族建模、尘埃消光、光谱、图像、使用专用虚拟观测工具进行可视化。GalMer的增值服务可以用作虚拟望远镜，产生宽带图像，一维光谱，三维光谱数据管，从而使我们的数据库面向观察者的使用。本文介绍了GalMer数据库在科学应用中的几个实例，这些实例是通过模拟分析和模拟它们的恒星星族性质而获得的，包括：（1）相互作用中恒星形成效率的研究;（2）古老的反向旋转成分的产生;（3）椭圆星系中金属丰度分布的重塑;（4）轨道到内角动量的转移;（5）星系中恒星的演化。（5）再现观测到的星系色双峰性。
英文摘要：
We present the GalMer database, a library of galaxy merger simulations, made available to users through tools compatible with the Virtual Observatory (VO) standards adapted specially for this theoretical database. To investigate the physics of galaxy formation through hierarchical merging, it is necessary to simulate galaxy interactions varying a large number of parameters: morphological types, mass ratios, orbital configurations, etc. On one side, these simulations have to be run in a cosmological context, able to provide a large number of galaxy pairs, with boundary conditions given by the large-scale simulations, on the other side the resolution has to be high enough at galaxy scales, to provide realistic physics. The GalMer database is a library of thousands simulations of galaxy mergers at moderate spatial resolution and it is a compromise between the diversity of initial conditions and the details of underlying physics. We provide all coordinates and data of simulated particles in FITS binary tables. The main advantages of the database are VO access interfaces and value-added services which allow users to compare the results of the simulations directly to observations: stellar population modelling, dust extinction, spectra, images, visualisation using dedicated VO tools. The GalMer value-added services can be used as virtual telescope producing broadband images, 1D spectra, 3D spectral datacubes, thus making our database oriented towards the usage by observers. We present several examples of the GalMer database scientific usage obtained from the analysis of simulations and modelling their stellar population properties, including: (1) studies of the star formation efficiency in interactions; (2) creation of old counter-rotating components; (3) reshaping metallicity profiles in elliptical galaxies; (4) orbital to internal angular momentum transfer; (5) reproducing observed colour bimodality of galaxies.
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