自生溶质诱导的球形粒子的泳动运动
Phoretic Motion of Spheroidal Particles Due To Self-Generated Solute Gradients
摘要：
我们从理论上研究了一个球形粒子的泳动运动，它产生溶质梯度在周围的无界溶剂通过化学反应活跃在其表面上的一个帽状区域为中心的粒子的两极之一。我们推导出，在经典的diffusio电泳映射的约束，这样的对象的电泳速度的解析表达式。这使我们能够详细地分析速度对粒子的极径和赤道径的纵横比的依赖性，以及对化学反应有贡献的粒子表面的分数的依赖性。球形和针状粒子的近似的特殊情况，这是最常见的形状，在实验实现这种自推进的对象，从一般的解决方案中获得的限制，纵横比接近一个或变得非常大，分别。
英文摘要：
We study theoretically the phoretic motion of a spheroidal particle, which generates solute gradients in the surrounding unbounded solvent via chemical reactions active on its surface in a cap-like region centered at one of the poles of the particle. We derive, within the constraints of the mapping to classical diffusio-phoresis, an analytical expression for the phoretic velocity of such an object. This allows us to analyze in detail the dependence of the velocity on the aspect ratio of the polar and the equatorial diameters of the particle and on the fraction of the particle surface contributing to the chemical reaction. The particular cases of a sphere and of an approximation for a needle-like particle, which are the most common shapes employed in experimental realizations of such self-propelled objects, are obtained from the general solution in the limits that the aspect ratio approaches one or becomes very large, respectively.
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