非弹性和准弹性散射对量子线中非线性电子输运影响的比较
Comparison of inelastic and quasi-elastic scattering effects on nonlinear electron transport in quantum wires
摘要：
当杂质和声子散射共存时，精确求解了量子线中非线性电子输运的玻尔兹曼方程。基于计算得到的电子在动量空间中的非平衡分布，论证了散射效应对电子迁移率的非微分（对于固定直流电场）和微分（对于固定温度）随温度和直流电场变化的影响.当量子线从杂质主导系统调谐到声子主导系统时，电子的非微分迁移率从温度的线性增加函数切换到抛物线状温度依赖性[参见T.方，{ \em等}，\prb { \bf 78}，205403（2008）]。此外，在直流场的依赖性的微分迁移率的电子已经获得了最大值。低场微分迁移率主要受杂质散射的影响，而高场微分迁移率则受声子散射的限制[见M。Hauser，{ \em等人}，半秒Sci. { \bf 9}，951（1994）]。一旦量子线由准弹性散射主导，动量空间分布函数的峰值变得尖锐，并且在低场区域中以对称方式实现电子的重新分布之后，以费米边缘为中心的平衡电子分布的两个尾部被直流场抬高。另一方面，如果量子线由非弹性散射主导，则动量-空间分布函数的峰值不变，而以费米边缘为中心的两个肩部通过电子的不对称重新分布（即使在低场状态下）随着直流场的增加而相应地移动。Wirner，{ \em等人}，\prl { \bf 70}，2609（1993）]。
英文摘要：
When impurity and phonon scattering coexist, the Boltzmann equation has been solved accurately for nonlinear electron transport in a quantum wire. Based on the calculated non-equilibrium distribution of electrons in momentum space, the scattering effects on both the non-differential (for a fixed dc field) and differential (for a fixed temperature) mobilities of electrons as functions of temperature and dc field were demonstrated. The non-differential mobility of electrons is switched from a linearly increasing function of temperature to a parabolic-like temperature dependence as the quantum wire is tuned from an impurity-dominated system to a phonon-dominated one [see T. Fang, {\em et al.}, \prb {\bf 78}, 205403 (2008)]. In addition, a maximum has been obtained in the dc-field dependence of the differential mobility of electrons. The low-field differential mobility is dominated by the impurity scattering, whereas the high-field differential mobility is limited by the phonon scattering [see M. Hauser, {\em et al.}, Semicond. Sci. Technol. {\bf 9}, 951 (1994)]. Once a quantum wire is dominated by quasi-elastic scattering, the peak of the momentum-space distribution function becomes sharpened and both tails of the equilibrium electron distribution centered at the Fermi edges are raised by the dc field after a redistribution of the electrons is fulfilled in a symmetric way in the low-field regime. If a quantum wire is dominated by inelastic scattering, on the other hand, the peak of the momentum-space distribution function is unchanged while both shoulders centered at the Fermi edges shift leftward correspondingly with increasing dc field through an asymmetric redistribution of the electrons even in low-field regime [see C. Wirner, {\em et al.}, \prl {\bf 70}, 2609 (1993)].
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