本文分析了塞弗特星系NGC 2992的XMM观测结果。该源被发现在其最高水平的X射线活动尚未检测到，一个因素$\sim 23.5$高2- 10千电子伏通量比历史最低。已知NGC 2992在几天到几周的时间尺度上表现出X射线闪耀活动，并且XMM数据提供了比任何先前测量的闪耀X射线状态在Fe K带中至少好$\sim 3$因子的光谱分辨率。我们发现在\sim 5-7 keV带中有一个宽的特征，可以解释为相对论Fe K $α$发射线。它的通量似乎增加了串联与2- 10千电子伏的连续相比，以前的朱雀观测时，连续是一个因素的$\sim 8$低于在XMM观测。的XMM数据是一致的一般图片，增加X射线活动和相应的变化，在铁K $α$线发射发生在假定的吸积盘的最里面的区域。这种行为与其他活动星系核的行为形成对比，在其他活动星系核中，Fe K $α$线对X射线的变化没有反应。
英文摘要：
We present the analysis of an XMM observation of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 2992. The source was found in its highest level of X-ray activity yet detected, a factor $\sim 23.5$ higher in 2--10 keV flux than the historical minimum. NGC 2992 is known to exhibit X-ray flaring activity on timescales of days to weeks, and the XMM data provide at least factor of $\sim 3$ better spectral resolution in the Fe K band than any previously measured flaring X-ray state. We find that there is a broad feature in the \sim 5-7 keV band which could be interpreted as a relativistic Fe K$α$ emission line. Its flux appears to have increased in tandem with the 2--10 keV continuum when compared to a previous Suzaku observation when the continuum was a factor of $\sim 8$ lower than that during the XMM observation. The XMM data are consistent with the general picture that increased X-ray activity and corresponding changes in the Fe K$α$ line emission occur in the innermost regions of the putative accretion disk. This behavior contrasts with the behavior of other AGN in which the Fe K$α$ line does not respond to variability in the X-ray.
XMM-Newton and Swift Unveil Another X-Ray Transient in NGC 4945, XMM J130514.64-493311.27
Oak Ridge Associated Universities（橡树岭联合大学）；X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（X射线天体物理实验室，NASA戈达德太空飞行中心）；Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院卡希尔天体物理学中心）；Southeastern Universities Research Association（东南部大学研究协会）；Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC（NASA/GSFC空间科学与技术研究与探索中心）
研究利用 XMM-牛顿卫星和雨燕卫星在 NGC 4945 中发现 X 射线瞬变源 XMM J130514.64-493311.27，分析其特性并通过多种波段观测寻找对应体，最终提出该源是处于活跃阶段的 X 射线双星。
Using Suzaku data, we had found a $3.4σ$ evidence for the X-ray emitting warm-hot circumgalactic medium (CGM) in the L$^\star$ galaxy NGC 3221. Here we present XMM-Newton data and outline an efficient, rigorous and well-defined method to extract the faint CGM signal. We confirm the CGM detection at $4σ$ significance within 30-200 kpc of the galaxy. We claim with $99.62\%$ confidence that the CGM is extended beyond $150$ kpc. The average temperature of the CGM is 2.0$^{+0.2}_{-0.3} \times 10^6$ K, but it is not isothermal. We find suggestive evidence for a declining temperature gradient out to …
X-ray variability analysis of a large series of XMM-Newton + NuSTAR observations of NGC 3227
我们提出了一系列的X射线可变性的结果，从一个长期的XMM牛顿+ NuSTAR活动的明亮，可变AGN NGC 3227。我们提出了一个分析的光变曲线，显示的源显示典型的软时，更明亮的行为，虽然也经历了显着的光谱硬化在一个观察过程中，我们解释为由于掩星事件云的吸收气体。我们频谱分解的数据，并表明，大部分的变化是连续驱动的，通过均方根变化分析，强烈增强软带。我们发现，源在很大程度上符合线性均方根通量行为，我们计算X射线功率谱，检测中度的证据弯曲的功率谱，符合现有的比例关系。此外，我们计算X射线傅立叶时间滞后使用XMM-牛顿和-通过最大似然法- NuSTAR数据，揭示了一个强大的低频硬滞后和软滞后在较高的频率，我们讨论的混响模型方面的证据。
Probing the physics of the accretion flow around active galactic nuclei (AGN) is crucial to understanding their emission mechanisms as well as being able to constrain the geometrical and variability properties of the different regions around them. The soft X-ray excess -- usually observed below $\sim2\,\mathrm{keV}$ in excess of the dominant X-ray powerlaw continuum -- is one prominent feature that is commonly seen in type 1 Seyfert AGN and therefore readily provides a useful diagnostic of the accretion flow mechanism around these systems. NGC 5940 is a Seyfert 1 AGN which reveals strong, prom…
We present a 140ks observation of NGC 4593 with XMM-Newton providing simultaneous and continuous PN X-ray and OM UV (UVW1 2910Å) lightcurves which sample short-timescale variations better than previous observations. These observations were simultaneous with 22d of Swift X-ray and UV/optical monitoring, reported previously, and 4d of AstroSat X-ray (SXT), far (FUV 1541Å), and near (NUV 2632Å) UV allowing lag measurements between them and the highly-sampled XMM. From the XMM we find that UVW1 lags behind the X-rays by 29.5$\pm$1.3ks, $\sim$half the lag previously determined from the Swift monito…
XMM-Newton Campaign On Ultraluminous X-ray Source NGC 1313 X-1: Wind vs. State Variability
大多数超铝X射线源（ULX）被认为是由超过爱丁顿极限的中子星和黑洞吸积提供动力的。如果致密物体是一个黑洞或一个具有磁场$\lesssim10^{12}$ G的中子星，吸积盘预计会膨胀并发射由辐射压力驱动的强大风。通过XMM-牛顿号上的高分辨率光谱仪在ULX中发现了这种风的证据，但仍有一些未知数，例如这些风的几何形状和发射机制。为了更好地了解ULX风及其与吸积机制的联系，我们与XMM-牛顿一起开展了一项重大活动，研究ULX NGC 1313 X-1，已知它表现出强烈的发射和吸收特征。新的观测结果显示，风的变化明显，快速分量明显减弱（0.2c），新的风相上升，更冷，更慢（0.06-0.08c）。我们还首次检测到的发射线，这表明在吸积盘或风的起源的变化。我们描述了可变的超爱丁顿吸积率的框架内的风的变化，并讨论了一种可能的几何吸积盘。
Deep $Chandra$ observations of the NGC 4472 globular cluster black hole XMMU 122939.7+075333: Short term variability from the first globular cluster black hole binary
本文讨论了最近在球状星团中发现的第一个黑洞XMMU 122939.7+075333深空观测的光度调制和光谱分析结果。该源已被多次探测到，通常L $_X$ > 10 $^{39}$ erg s $^{-1}$，但在2010年的一次观测中已消退至L $_X$ ~ 10 $^{38}$ erg s $^{-1}$。在我们2011年的观测中，它重新变亮为L $_X$ ~ 2 × 10 $^{39}$ erg s $^{-1}$。这种在相对较短的时间内光度显著增加的现象，与先前认为XMMU 122939.7+075333所显示的长期通量调制是由Kozai机制单独引起的观点并不一致。相反，考虑到光源在其光变曲线中表现出“尖峰”行为，2010年的昏暗似乎是一次短暂观测的结果，没有捕捉到任何明亮的时期。我们还发现，当源比平均值亮时，它具有过量的软（$<$ 0.7 keV）光子。光谱分析揭示了强有力的，虽然依赖于模型，证据表明，从高度电离氧（O VIII）的排放时，源是比平均亮度。
Most ULXs are believed to be powered by super-Eddington accreting neutron stars and, perhaps, black holes. Above the Eddington rate the disc is expected to thicken and to launch powerful winds through radiation pressure. Winds have been recently discovered in several ULXs. However, it is yet unclear whether the thickening of the disc or the wind variability causes the switch between the classical soft and supersoft states observed in some ULXs. In order to understand such phenomenology and the overall super-Eddington mechanism, we undertook a large (800 ks) observing campaign with XMM-Newton t…
We present the multi-epoch monitoring with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton of NGC 1358, a nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy whose properties made it a promising candidate X-ray changing look AGN, i.e., a source whose column density could transition from its 2017 Compton-thick (CT-, having line-of-sight Hydrogen column density NH,los>10^24 cm^-2) state to a Compton-thin (NH,los<10^24 cm^-2) one. The multi-epoch X-ray monitoring confirmed the presence of significant NH,los variability over time-scales as short as weeks, and allowed us to confirm the "changing look" nature of NGC 1358, which has most recently been o…
Tracking the Iron K$α$ line and the Ultra Fast Outflow in NGC 2992 at different accretion states
塞弗特2星系NGC 2992在2010年被XMM-牛顿观测了8次，然后在2013年再次被观测，而在2015年，它同时被雨燕和NuSTAR观测到。XMM-牛顿总是捕捉到处于微弱状态的源（2-10 keV通量范围从0.3到1.6 $\times10^{-11}$ erg cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$），但NuSTAR显示2-10 keV通量增加到6 $\times10^{-11}$ erg cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$。我们发现了在这种通量状态下具有速度$v_1=0.21\pm0.01c$（在约99%置信水平下检测到）的超快速流出的可能证据。在NGC 2992中的UFO是一致的，只有在吸积率大于爱丁顿光度的2%时，才能在几十个引力半径处被喷射出来。对低通量2010/2013 XMM数据的分析使我们能够确定该物体中的铁K $α$发射线复合体可能是三个不同成分的总和：一个恒定的，窄的，由于来自冷的，遥远的物质的反射（可能是分子环面）;一个窄的，但可变的，在明亮的观测中更强烈，一个宽的相对论性的，在吸积盘的最里面的区域发射，这一现象仅在2003年XMM观测中被发现。
We present a detailed timing and spectral study of an extremely variable narrow-line Seyfert~1 galaxy NGC 4748 using observations in the year 2017 and 2014 performed with AstroSat and XMM-Newton, respectively. Both observations show extremely variable soft and hard X-ray emission that are correlated with each other. In the 2014 data set, the source retains its general behaviour of "softer when brighter" while the 2017 observation exhibits a "harder when brighter" nature. Such changing behaviour is rare in AGNs and is usually observed in the black hole binary systems. The "harder when brighter"…
XMM-Newton multi-year campaign on NGC 55 ULX-1: Resolving the wind and its variability with RGS
INAF – IASF Palermo（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕勒莫天文台）；Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica（巴勒莫大学物理与化学系）；Center for Astrophysics – Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心）；Department of Astronomy & Physics, Saint Mary’s University（圣玛丽大学天文与物理系）；Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP（图卢兹大学，法国国家科学研究中心，天体物理研究所在）；INAF – Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano（意大利国家天体物理研究所米兰空间天体物理与宇宙物理研究所）；Institute of Space Sciences (ICE), CSIC（西班牙国家研究委员会空间科学研究所）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡利亚里天文台）；Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University（杜伦大学物理系河外天文中心）
We report X-ray spectral variability in an ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 1042 ULX1, using archival XMM-Newton and recent NuSTAR observations. In long-term evolution, the source has shown a trend of variation in spectral hardness. The variability in different XMM-Newton observations is prominent above $\sim 1$ keV. Cool thermal disk component with a characteristic temperature of $\sim 0.2$ keV manifests that the spectral state of NGC 1042 ULX1 in all epochs is similar to that of the ultraluminous state sources. An apparent anti-correlation between luminosity and powerlaw index demonstrates tha…
Probing spectral variability in NGC 4490 ULX-8 over 24 years of XMM-Newton, Chandra and Swift-XRT observations
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali（印度科学教育研究所）；University of Southampton（南安普顿大学）；Indian Institute of Astrophysics（印度天体物理研究所）；Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics（大学间天文学与天体物理学中心）；Raman Research Institute（拉曼研究所）
We report here the discovery of NGC 7793 ULX-4, a new transient ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in NGC 7793, a spiral galaxy already well known for harbouring several ULXs. This new source underwent an outburst in 2012, when it was detected by \textit{XMM-Newton} and the \textit{Swift} X-ray telescope. The outburst reached a peak luminosity of 3.4$\times 10^{39}$ erg\ s$^{-1}$ and lasted for about 8 months, after which the source went below a luminosity of $10^{37}$ erg\ s$^{-1}$; previous \textit{Chandra} observations constrain the low-state luminosity below $\sim$ 2$\times 10^{36}$ erg\ s$^…
One distinctive feature of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGN) is the relatively weak reflection features they may display in the X-ray spectrum, which can result from the disappearance of the torus with decreasing accretion rates. Some material, however, must surround the active nucleus, i.e., the accretion flow itself and, possibly, a flattened-out or thinned torus. In this work, we study whether reflection is indeed absent or undetectable due to its intrinsically weak features together with the low statistics inherent to LLAGN. Here we focus on NGC 3718 ($L/L_{\rm Edd}\sim10^{-5}$…
