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arXiv 1003.1723astro-ph.GA
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球状星团恒星世代的性质及其与整体参数的关系

Properties of stellar generations in Globular Clusters and relations with global parameters

Eugenio Carretta, Angela Bragaglia, Raffaele Gratton, Alejandra Recio-Blanco, Sara Lucatello, Valentina D'Orazi, Santi Cassisi

摘要:

我们修正了银河系GC的形成,通过添加它们不同恒星代(从19个GC中的1200个巨星)的详细化学成分到它们的全局参数。我们建议确定为GC那些显示钠-O的关系,我们分类的GC根据运动学和位置在银河系中的磁盘/凸起,内部和外部晕。我们发现,LF的GC是相当独立的人口,这表明它是由形成机制的印记,只有轻微的影响,随后的演变。我们表明,原始人口的很大一部分应该已经失去了原GC。发现原始人口的大规模GC的铝丰度极低,表明一个非常快速的富集过程之前,形成的原始人口。我们提出了一个形成GC的方案,包括至少3个主要阶段:(一)形成前体群体(可能是由于宇宙学结构的相互作用,类似于那些导致矮椭球体,但居住在较小的Rgc,与早期星系或其他结构),ii)这触发了一个大的恒星形成事件(原始人口),和iii)目前的GC的形成,主要是在冷却流形成的一小部分原始人口的慢风。前体人口是非常有效的,在提高金属含量的块状和/或金属贫(主要是晕)集群,而它的作用是次要的小和/或金属丰富(主要是磁盘)的。最后,我们使用主成分分析和多元关系来研究从第一代到第二代的金属富集阶段。GC的大多数化学特征可以归因于几个参数,最重要的是[Fe/H],质量和星系团的年龄,在银河系中的位置也起着一定的作用。

英文摘要:

ABRIDGED) We revise the formation of Galactic GCs by adding the detailed chemical composition of their different stellar generations (from 1200 giants in 19 GCs) to their global parameters. We propose to identify as GCs those showing the Na-O anticorrelation, and we classify the GCs according to kinematics and location in the Galaxy in disk/bulge, inner, and outer halo. We find that the LF of GCs is fairly independent of their population, suggesting that it is imprinted by the formation mechanism, and only marginally affected by the ensuing evolution. We show that a large fraction of the primordial population should have been lost by the proto-GCs. The extremely low Al abundances found for the primordial population of massive GCs indicate a very fast enrichment process before the formation of the primordial population. We suggest a scenario for the formation of GCs including at least 3 main phases: i) the formation of a precursor population (likely due to the interaction of cosmological structures similar to those leading to dwarf spheroidals, but residing at smaller Rgc, with the early Galaxy or with other structures), ii) which triggers a large episode of star formation (the primordial population), and iii) the formation of the current GC, mainly within a cooling flow formed by the slow winds of a fraction of the primordial population. The precursor population is very effective in raising the metal content in massive and/or metal poor (mainly halo) clusters, while its role is minor in small and/or metal rich (mainly disk) ones. Finally, we use PCA and multivariate relations to study the phase of metal-enrichment from 1st to 2nd generation. Most of the chemical signatures of GCs may be ascribed to a few parameters, the most important being [Fe/H], mass, and age of the cluster, with the location within the Galaxy also playing some role.

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