利用多重运动学边缘和尖点判别暗物质稳定对称性
Distinguishing Dark Matter Stabilization Symmetries Using Multiple Kinematic Edges and Cusps
摘要：
我们强调，暗物质（DM）粒子的稳定对称性不一定是常用的宇称（Z_2）对称性。因此，我们研究潜在的碰撞机区分模型与奇偶稳定DM模型中，DM是稳定的其他对称性。为了便于说明，我们常把后者当作Z_3对称。我们专注于签名，其中一个单一的粒子，在DM稳定对称性下充电到DM和标准模型（SM）粒子衰变。这样一个带Z_3电荷的“母”粒子可以衰变为一个或两个DM粒子和相同的SM粒子。这与Z_2带电母粒子衰变时只出现一个DM粒子形成了鲜明的对比。因此，如果这些衰变链中的中间粒子是离壳的，则SM粒子的重构不变质量对于Z_3情况呈现两个运动学边，而对于Z_2情况仅呈现一个运动学边。对于壳层上的中间粒子，区分这两种对称性需要的不仅仅是运动学边缘。在这种情况下，我们注意到母粒子的某些衰变链“拓扑”在Z_3情况下存在（但在Z_2情况下不存在），在SM粒子的不变质量分布中产生了“尖点”。我们证明了这种尖点一般是各种自旋配置不变。我们进一步应用这些技术的上下文中明确的模型。
英文摘要：
We emphasize that the stabilizing symmetry for dark matter (DM) particles does not have to be the commonly used parity (Z_2) symmetry. We therefore examine the potential of the colliders to distinguish models with parity stabilized DM from models in which the DM is stabilized by other symmetries. We often take the latter to be a Z_3 symmetry for illustration. We focus on signatures where a single particle, charged under the DM stabilization symmetry decays into the DM and Standard Model (SM) particles. Such a Z_3-charged "mother" particle can decay into one or two DM particles along with the same SM particles. This can be contrasted with the decay of a Z_2-charged mother particle, where only one DM particle appears. Thus, if the intermediate particles in these decay chains are off-shell, then the reconstructed invariant mass of the SM particles exhibits two kinematic edges for the Z_3 case but only one for the Z_2 case. For the case of on-shell intermediate particles, distinguishing the two symmetries requires more than the kinematic edges. In this case, we note that certain decay chain "topologies" of the mother particle which are present for the Z_3 case (but absent for the Z_2 case) generate a "cusp" in the invariant mass distribution of the SM particles. We demonstrate that this cusp is generally invariant of the various spin configurations. We further apply these techniques within the context of explicit models.
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