太阳物理和天体物理中的自组织临界性
Self-Organized Criticality in Solar Physics and Astrophysics
摘要：
“自组织临界性“（SOC）的概念是由Bak，Tang，and Wiesenfeld（1987）提出的，用来描述具有临界坡度的沙堆表面雪崩的统计特性，它产生一个无标度幂律的雪崩尺寸分布。与此同时，SOC行为已被确定在许多非线性耗散系统，驱动到一个临界状态。在最一般的水平上，SOC是相干非线性过程的统计，与非相干随机过程的泊松统计相反。SOC的概念已应用于实验室实验（指米堆或沙堆），与人类活动有关（人口增长、语言、经济、交通堵塞、战争），到生物物理学，（地震、山崩、森林火灾）、磁层物理学、太阳物理学（耀斑）、恒星物理学（耀斑、激变变星、吸积盘、黑洞、脉冲星故障、伽马射线暴），以及银河系物理学和宇宙学。
英文摘要：
The concept of "self-organized criticality" (SOC) has been introduced by Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld (1987) to describe the statistics of avalanches on the surface of a sandpile with a critical slope, which produces a scale-free powerlaw size distribution of avalanches. In the meantime, SOC behavior has been identified in many nonlinear dissipative systems that are driven to a critical state. On a most general level, SOC is the statistics of coherent nonlinear processes, in contrast to the Poisson statistics of incoherent random processes. The SOC concept has been applied to laboratory experiments (of rice or sand piles), to human activities (population growth, language, economy, traffic jams, wars), to biophysics, geophysics (earthquakes, landslides, forest fires), magnetospheric physics, solar physics (flares), stellar physics (flares, cataclysmic variables, accretion disks, black holes, pulsar glitches, gamma ray bursts), and to galactic physics and cosmology.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
