库珀对毫秒级反应器中的旋转化学加热
Rotochemical heating in millisecond pulsars with Cooper pairing
摘要：
当旋转的中子星失去角动量时，离心力的减少使它收缩。这扰动了每个流体元素，提高了局部压力，并导致偏离β平衡，从而提高了中微子的发射率并产生了热能。这种机制被称为旋转化学加热，以前曾对非超流物质的中子星进行过研究，发现它们达到了准稳态，其中自旋下降改变平衡浓度的速率与中微子反应恢复平衡的速率相同。另一方面，中子星内部被认为含有超流核子，它通过抑制中微子反应和比热，并开启新的库珀配对反应来影响恒星的热演化。在这项工作中，我们描述了库珀配对的热效应与空间均匀的能隙的中子和质子的旋转化学加热在毫秒微扰（MSP）时，只允许修改Urca反应。我们发现，化学不平衡增长到一个接近能隙的值，这是高于一个非超流的情况下。因此，库珀配对预测的表面温度较高，并解释了MSP J 0437 -4715的最新测量结果。
英文摘要：
When a rotating neutron star loses angular momentum, the reduction in the centrifugal force makes it contract. This perturbs each fluid element, raising the local pressure and originating deviations from beta equilibrium that enhance the neutrino emissivity and produce thermal energy. This mechanism is named rotochemical heating and has previously been studied for neutron stars of non-superfluid matter, finding that they reach a quasi-steady state in which the rate that the spin-down modifies the equilibrium concentrations is the same to that of the neutrino reactions restoring the equilibrium. On the other hand, the neutron star interior is believed to contain superfluid nucleons, which affect the thermal evolution of the star by suppressing the neutrino reactions and the specific heat, and opening new Cooper pairing reactions. In this work we describe the thermal effects of Cooper pairing with spatially uniform energy gaps of neutrons and protons on rotochemical heating in millisecond pulsars (MSPs) when only modified Urca reactions are allowed. We find that the chemical imbalances grow up to a value close to the energy gaps, which is higher than the one of the nonsuperfluid case. Therefore, the surface temperatures predicted with Cooper pairing are higher and explain the recent measurement of MSP J0437-4715.
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