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arXiv 1002.4357astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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星系盘长期演化的星团溶解示踪

The Long-term Evolution of the Galactic Disk Traced by Dissolving Star Clusters

Joss Bland-Hawthorn, Mark Krumholz, Ken Freeman

摘要:

银河系圆盘保留了大量关于它如何形成以及它如何在宇宙时间内演变的信息。然而,我们对与磁盘演化相关的长期过程知之甚少。一个主要的不确定性是恒星径向迁移通过磁盘的程度,从而冲洗掉它们过去的签名(例如出生地)。最近的理论研究发现,如果旋臂是瞬态现象,那么盘的这种“模糊”可能是重要的。在这里,我们描述了一个实验,以确定从太阳圈与宇宙时间的扩散的重要性。考虑一个星团,它被放置在一个不同旋转的恒星流体中。我们发现,所有质量达到~10^4太阳质量的星系团,以及其中相当一部分质量达到~10^5太阳质量的星系团,都是化学上均匀的,并且这种规模的星系团可以通过测量<~10个独立元素群的丰度来分配一个独特的“化学标签”,更好的年龄和轨道测定允许更少的丰度测量。因此,星团的作用就像一个“示踪染料”,其恒星的现今分布提供了一个强有力的限制在银河系盘径向扩散或迁移的速度。Sellwood和Binney认为瞬时螺旋扰动驱动的强烈径向迁移:原则上,我们可以直接测量这种迁移的强度。

英文摘要:

The Galactic disk retains a vast amount of information about how it came to be, and how it evolved over cosmic time. However, we know very little about the secular processes associated with disk evolution. One major uncertainty is the extent to which stars migrate radially through the disk, thereby washing out signatures of their past (e.g. birth sites). Recent theoretical work finds that such "blurring" of the disk can be important if spiral arms are transient phenomena. Here we describe an experiment to determine the importance of diffusion from the Solar circle with cosmic time. Consider a star cluster that has been placed into a differentially rotating, stellar fluid. We show that all clusters up to ~10^4 solar masses, and a significant fraction of those up to ~10^5 solar masses, are expected to be chemically homogeneous, and that clusters of this size can be assigned a unique "chemical tag" by measuring the abundances of <~10 independent element groups, with better age and orbit determinations allowing fewer abundance measurements. The star cluster therefore acts like a "tracer dye", and the present-day distribution of its stars provides a strong constraint on the rate of radial diffusion or migration in the Galactic disk. Sellwood & Binney have argued for strong radial transport driven by transient spiral perturbations: in principle, we could measure the strength of this migration directly.

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