Mrk 509中的外流：XMM-牛顿EPIC-pn和RGS的校准方法
The outflow in Mrk 509: A method to calibrate XMM-Newton EPIC-pn and RGS
摘要：
我们已经分析了三个XMM牛顿观测的塞弗特1星系Mrk 509，其目标是检测电离流出属性的小变化。这种测量受到RGS（表征光谱的最佳仪器）和EPIC-pn（表征变异性的最佳仪器）之间交叉校准质量的限制。对于所有三个观测结果，我们能够将RGS和pn的相对校准一致地提高到4%。在所有的观测中，我们检测到三种不同的流出成分，由于我们准确的交叉校准，我们能够检测到最高电离成分的流出中的电离参数和柱密度的微小差异。这将外流的这一分量的位置限制在中心源的0.5pc以内。我们的方法建模的相对有效面积不仅限于此源，原则上可以扩展到其他类型的源以及。
英文摘要：
We have analyzed three XMM-Newton observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509, with the goal to detect small variations in the ionized outflow properties. Such measurements are limited by the quality of the cross-calibration between RGS, the best instrument to characterize the spectrum, and EPIC-pn, the best instrument to characterize the variability. For all three observations we are able to improve the relative calibration of RGS and pn consistently to 4 %. In all observations we detect three different outflow components and, thanks to our accurate cross-calibration we are able to detect small differences in the ionization parameter and column density in the highest ionized component of the outflow. This constrains the location of this component of the outflow to within 0.5 pc of the central source. Our method for modeling the relative effective area is not restricted to just this source and can in principle be extended to other types of sources as well.
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