理解物理学中微调参数的计算和生物类比
Computational and Biological Analogies for Understanding Fine-Tuned Parameters in Physics
摘要：
在这篇哲学论文中，我们探讨了计算和生物类比，以解决宇宙学中的微调问题。我们首先要阐明微调物理常数或初始条件意味着什么。我们回顾重要的区别，如无量纲和量纲物理常数，和分类的常数提出的Levy-Leblond。然后，我们将探讨两个伟大的类比，计算和生物，可以给我们的问题新的见解。本文包括一个初步的研究，以检查这两个类比。重要的是，类比是有用的和基本的认知工具，但也可能被误用或误解。我们的宇宙可能被建模为一个计算实体的想法进行了分析，我们使用算法信息论讨论物理定律和初始条件之间的区别。斯莫林引入了“宇宙自然选择”理论，并在头脑中进行了生物类比。我们研究这个类比的延伸，涉及智能生命。我们将讨论这种扩展是否以及如何合法化。保留字：宇宙的起源，微调，物理常数，初始条件，计算宇宙，生物宇宙，智能生命的作用，宇宙自然选择，宇宙人工选择，人工宇宙起源。
英文摘要：
In this philosophical paper, we explore computational and biological analogies to address the fine-tuning problem in cosmology. We first clarify what it means for physical constants or initial conditions to be fine-tuned. We review important distinctions such as the dimensionless and dimensional physical constants, and the classification of constants proposed by Levy-Leblond. Then we explore how two great analogies, computational and biological, can give new insights into our problem. This paper includes a preliminary study to examine the two analogies. Importantly, analogies are both useful and fundamental cognitive tools, but can also be misused or misinterpreted. The idea that our universe might be modelled as a computational entity is analysed, and we discuss the distinction between physical laws and initial conditions using algorithmic information theory. Smolin introduced the theory of "Cosmological Natural Selection" with a biological analogy in mind. We examine an extension of this analogy involving intelligent life. We discuss if and how this extension could be legitimated. Keywords: origin of the universe, fine-tuning, physical constants, initial conditions, computational universe, biological universe, role of intelligent life, cosmological natural selection, cosmological artificial selection, artificial cosmogenesis.
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