为了揭示波和电子的衍射和干涉之间的根本区别而进行的实验
Experiments performed in order to reveal fundamental differences between the diffraction and interference of waves and electrons
摘要：
电子的衍射图案被认为类似于电磁波（EMW）的衍射图案。我做了一系列实验，以证明电子衍射图中峰的周期性与衍射光栅中散射中心排列的周期性有关，并结合电子空间结构的假定特征，即电子是一个规则间隔的同心弹性壳层系统。我从电子和电磁波在不透明半平面锐边衍射的实验开始。这个简单的散射配置使我能够区分波衍射的再辐射机制和电子在半平面边缘的跳弹散射。然后，我做了实验，从一个直边到两个边（一个狭缝），再到四个边（两个狭缝），一步一步地在复合物体上进行散射。这样，我就成功地用单个边缘上的散射解释了双缝衍射（四个直边）。我还设法观察了电子的轨迹。在狭缝的边缘安装了半导体传感器，我记录了电子通过狭缝的过程，同时在另一个狭缝处检测到较弱的信号。这种技术似乎不会破坏或干扰“干涉”图案。通过在其中插入一个透明的EMW电介质片来关闭一个狭缝，我发现在这个狭缝下面的散射图案消失，而在开口狭缝下面的散射图案保持与以前一样，当两个狭缝都打开时。这个实验表明，电子“干扰”它的电磁分量通过由透明的电介质堵塞的狭缝。
英文摘要：
Diffraction patterns of electrons are believed to resemble those of electromagnetic waves (EMW). I performed a series of experiments invoked to show that the periodicity of peaks in the diffraction diagram of electrons is concerned with the periodicity of the arrangement of scattering centers in the diffraction grating in combination with the supposed character of the spatial structure of the electron as a system of regularly spaced concentric shells of elasticity. I started from the experiment on the diffraction of electrons and EMWs at the sharp edge of the opaque half-plane. This simple scattering configuration enabled me to discriminate between the re-radiation mechanism of the wave diffraction and ricochet scattering of electrons on the edge of the half-plane. Then I made experiments with scattering on composite objects proceeding step by step from a single straight edge to a couple of edges (one slit) and then to four edges (two slits). Thus I succeeded in interpretation of the double-slit diffraction (four straight edges) in terms of the scattering on a single edge. I managed also to observe the electron's trajectory. Equipping the slit's edge with a semiconductor sensors I registered the passing of the electron through the slit detecting simultaneously a weaker signal at another slit. This technique appeared not to destroy or disturb the "interference" pattern. Closing one slit by inserting therein a transparent for EMWs piece of dielectric I have found that the scattering pattern beneath this slit vanishes while the scattering pattern under the open slit remains as before when both slits were open. This experiment indicates that the electron "interferes" with its electromagnetic component passed via the slit plugged by the transparent for it dielectric.
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