集成在原子芯片上的单原子探测器：制作、表征和应用
A single atom detector integrated on an atom chip: fabrication, characterization and application
摘要：
我们描述了一个强大的和可靠的单原子荧光检测器，是完全集成到一个原子芯片。该探测器允许对原子进行光谱和空间选择性探测，单原子探测效率达到66%。它由一个锥形透镜单模光纤和一个多模光纤组成，前者用于精确传输激发光，后者用于收集荧光。光纤安装在原子芯片上光刻限定的保持结构中。对磁波导中自由运动的中性~（87）Rb原子进行了探测，分析了其荧光发射的噪声。光子分布的方差允许确定检测到的光子/原子的数量，并从那里确定原子检测效率。荧光的二阶强度关联函数显示出近乎完美的光子反聚束和阻尼拉比振荡的迹象。通过简单的改进，可以将检测效率提高到> 95%。
英文摘要：
We describe a robust and reliable fluorescence detector for single atoms that is fully integrated into an atom chip. The detector allows spectrally and spatially selective detection of atoms, reaching a single atom detection efficiency of 66%. It consists of a tapered lensed single-mode fiber for precise delivery of excitation light and a multi-mode fiber to collect the fluorescence. The fibers are mounted in lithographically defined holding structures on the atom chip. Neutral 87Rb atoms propagating freely in a magnetic guide are detected and the noise of their fluorescence emission is analyzed. The variance of the photon distribution allows to determine the number of detected photons / atom and from there the atom detection efficiency. The second order intensity correlation function of the fluorescence shows near-perfect photon anti-bunching and signs of damped Rabi-oscillations. With simple improvements one can boost the detection efficiency to > 95%.
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