液晶分光偏振计的消色差：延迟与HiVIS的斯托克斯基校准
Achromatizing a liquid-crystal spectropolarimeter: Retardance vs Stokes-based calibration of HiVIS
摘要：
天文分光偏振仪可能会受到许多系统误差的影响，这些误差限制了仪器的精度和准确度。提出了一种利用彩色液晶可变延迟器（LCVR）观测高分辨率偏振光谱的标定方法。这些LCVR允许入射光的偏振调制，而不需要在>10Hz的频率下移动任何光学器件。我们展示了一种校准方法，使用纯斯托克斯输入状态，使消色差的系统。这种基于斯托克斯的解投影方法再现输入偏振，即使存在高度彩色的仪器效果。这个过程首先证明了在实验室分光偏振仪，我们的LCVR的特点，并显示示例deprojections。然后在3.67米AEOS望远镜上的一台新升级的HiVIS分光偏振计上实现了这一过程。HiVIS分光偏振仪也已扩展到包括宽带全斯托克斯分光偏振使用消色差波片除了可调谐全斯托克斯偏振模式使用LCVR。这两种新的偏振模式与新的偏振校准单元相结合，提供了具有大大减小的系统误差的更灵敏的偏振封装。
英文摘要：
Astronomical spectropolarimeters can be subject to many sources of systematic error which limit the precision and accuracy of the instrument. We present a calibration method for observing high-resolution polarized spectra using chromatic liquid-crystal variable retarders (LCVRs). These LCVRs allow for polarimetric modulation of the incident light without any moving optics at frequencies >10Hz. We demonstrate a calibration method using pure Stokes input states that enables an achromatization of the system. This Stokes-based deprojection method reproduces input polarization even though highly chromatic instrument effects exist. This process is first demonstrated in a laboratory spectropolarimeter where we characterize the LCVRs and show example deprojections. The process is then implemented the a newly upgraded HiVIS spectropolarimeter on the 3.67m AEOS telescope. The HiVIS spectropolarimeter has also been expanded to include broad-band full-Stokes spectropolarimetry using achromatic wave-plates in addition to the tunable full-Stokes polarimetric mode using LCVRs. These two new polarimetric modes in combination with a new polarimetric calibration unit provide a much more sensitive polarimetric package with greatly reduced systematic error.
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