超导谐振腔作为线性光学量子计算的分束器
Superconducting resonators as beam splitters for linear-optics quantum computation
摘要：
一台功能正常的量子计算机将是一台以可编程的方式在多体量子系统中建立非经典关联的机器。线性光学量子计算（LOQC）是实现这一功能的一种方法，它只需要简单、可靠的线性光学元件，即分束器和移相器。非线性光学仅以用于状态初始化的单光子源和检测器的形式需要。然而，后者仍然难以以高保真度实现。量子光学的新设置出现在使用超导（SC）量子器件的电路量子电动力学（cQED）中，并开辟了使用微波而不是可见光子的LOQC的道路。SC量子比特和cQED正在取得很大进展：高保真Fock态生成和量子比特测量提供单光子源和检测。在这里，我们展示了cQED中的LOQC工具包可以用高保真度（>99.92%）的线性光学元件来完成。
英文摘要：
A functioning quantum computer will be a machine that builds up, in a programmable way, nonclassical correlations in a multipartite quantum system. Linear optics quantum computation (LOQC) is an approach for achieving this function that requires only simple, reliable linear optical elements, namely beam splitters and phase shifters. Nonlinear optics is only required in the form of single-photon sources for state initialization, and detectors. However, the latter remain difficult to achieve with high fidelity. A new setting for quantum optics has arisen in circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) using superconducting (SC) quantum devices, and opening up the way to LOQC using microwave, rather than visible photons. Much progress is being made in SC qubits and cQED: high-fidelity Fock state generation and qubit measurements provide single photon sources and detection. Here we show that the LOQC toolkit in cQED can be completed with high-fidelity (>99.92%) linear optical elements.
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