宇宙加速器中光强子相互作用的简化模型
Simplified models for photohadronic interactions in cosmic accelerators
摘要：
我们讨论了宇宙加速器中光介子产生的简化模型，如活动星系核和伽马射线暴。我们的自洽模型直接基于SOPHIA软件中使用的基础物理，如果包含新数据，可以很容易地进行调整。它们允许有效地计算中微子和光子光谱（从π ^0衰变），作为现代天体物理源和参数研究的时间相关模拟的主要要求。此外，第二介子（π介子和μ介子）是显式产生的，如果要包括冷却过程，这是必要的。对于中微子的产生，我们包括了μ子衰变的螺旋度依赖性，这实际上导致了比相互作用模型的细节更大的修正。例如，单独计算π ^0、π ^+和π ^-通量可以预测中微子在源处的味道比，这是许多使用天体物理源测试中微子性质的要求。我们确认，为带电的π介子的产生，经常使用的生产的三角洲（1232）-共振通常不是活动星系核和伽马射线暴的主导过程，我们表明，任意输入光谱，中微子的数量被低估了至少两个因素，如果他们是从中性带电π介子的比例。我们比较了我们的结果的几个层次的简化使用各向同性同步辐射和热光谱，我们证明，他们是足够接近的SOPHIA软件。
英文摘要：
We discuss simplified models for photo-meson production in cosmic accelerators, such as Active Galactic Nuclei and Gamma-Ray Bursts. Our self-consistent models are directly based on the underlying physics used in the SOPHIA software, and can be easily adapted if new data are included. They allow for the efficient computation of neutrino and photon spectra (from pi^0 decays), as a major requirement of modern time-dependent simulations of the astrophysical sources and parameter studies. In addition, the secondaries (pions and muons) are explicitely generated, a necessity if cooling processes are to be included. For the neutrino production, we include the helicity dependence of the muon decays which in fact leads to larger corrections than the details of the interaction model. The separate computation of the pi^0, pi^+, and pi^- fluxes allows, for instance, for flavor ratio predictions of the neutrinos at the source, which are a requirement of many tests of neutrino properties using astrophysical sources. We confirm that for charged pion generation, the often used production by the Delta(1232)-resonance is typically not the dominant process in Active Galactic Nuclei and Gamma-Ray Bursts, and we show, for arbitrary input spectra, that the number of neutrinos are underestimated by at least a factor of two if they are obtained from the neutral to charged pion ratio. We compare our results for several levels of simplification using isotropic synchrotron and thermal spectra, and we demonstrate that they are sufficiently close to the SOPHIA software.
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