小即是美，干即是活
Small is beautiful, and dry
摘要：
已经观察到成千上万的植物和动物物种具有超疏水表面，导致各种新的行为[1-5]。这些观察激发了创造人工超疏水表面的尝试，因为这种表面具有众多应用[6-13]。超疏水性是表面粗糙度的增强效应，并且基于基础物理学，存在将表面粗糙度和超疏水性相关联的已知关系。然而，虽然这些认识到粗糙度的水平，他们告诉我们很少的独立影响，其规模。因此，他们不能解释为什么天然存在的这种表面通常具有微米-亚微米尺寸。在这里，我们报告的发现一个新的关系，其物理基础和实验验证。结果表明，按比例缩小到微亚微米范围内的粗糙度是一种独特而优雅的策略，不仅实现超疏水性，而且还增加其对环境干扰的稳定性。这种新的关系考虑到以前被忽视的，但关键的事实，即积累的线能量所产生的众多的固体-水-空气的交叉点，可以分布在表观接触面积时，空气包被困在表面上的小尺度可以显着增加粗糙度尺度收缩。该术语实际上可以成为表面能的主要贡献者，因此对于实现超疏水性变得至关重要。这些发现指导了稳定的超级防水表面的制造。
英文摘要：
Thousands of plant and animal species have been observed to have superhydrophobic surfaces that lead to various novel behaviors [1-5]. These observations have inspired attempts to create artificial superhydrophobic surfaces, given such surfaces have multitudinous applications [6-13]. Superhydrophobicity is an enhanced effect of surface roughness and there are known relationships that correlate surface roughness and superhydrophobicity, based on the underlying physics. However, while these recognize the level of roughness they tell us little about the independent effect of its scale. Thus, they are not capable of explaining why naturally occurring such surfaces commonly have micron-submicron sizes. Here we report on the discovery of a new relation, its physical basis and its experimental verification. The results reveal that scaling-down roughness into the micro-submicron range is a unique and elegant strategy to not only achieve superhydrophobicity but also to increase its stability against environmental disturbances. This new relation takes into account the previously overlooked but key fact that the accumulated line energy arising from the numerous solid-water-air intersections that can be distributed in the apparent contact area when air packets are trapped at small scales on the surface can dramatically increase as the roughness scale shrinks. This term can in fact become the dominant contributor to the surface energy and so becomes crucial for accomplishing superhydrophobicity. These findings guide fabrication of stable super water-repellant surfaces.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
