见证了自z = 1以来大质量星系的活跃聚集阶段
Witnessing the active assembly phase of massive galaxies since z = 1
摘要：
本文分析了从英国红外望远镜（UKIRT）红外深空巡天（UKIDSS）和斯隆数字巡天（SDSS）II超新星巡天（SDSS II）的55.2 deg 2观测到的~ 60000个z = 1的大质量（恒星质量M_star > 10^{11} M_sun）星系。这是迄今为止对大质量星系进行的最大规模的调查，根据红外（K波段）测光法进行了可靠的质量估计，达到了宇宙目前年龄的一半。我们发现，质量最大的星系（M_star > 10^{11.5} M_sun）从z = 1开始经历了数量的快速增长，而质量较小的星系的数密度则表现出相当温和的演化。这种层次化的演化趋势与目前基于λ CDM理论的半解析星系形成模型的预测是一致的。虽然大多数大质量星系是红色序列的人口，我们发现相当一部分星系是蓝色恒星形成星系。蓝色部分在更大质量的系统中更小，并朝着本地宇宙减少，留下红色，最大质量的星系在低红移，这将支持这些人口在0 < z < 1期间积极“自下而上”形成的想法。
英文摘要：
We present an analysis of ~60 000 massive (stellar mass M_star > 10^{11} M_sun) galaxies out to z = 1 drawn from 55.2 deg2 of the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) II Supernova Survey. This is by far the largest survey of massive galaxies with robust mass estimates, based on infrared (K-band) photometry, reaching to the Universe at about half its present age. We find that the most massive (M_star > 10^{11.5} M_sun) galaxies have experienced rapid growth in number since z = 1, while the number densities of the less massive systems show rather mild evolution. Such a hierarchical trend of evolution is consistent with the predictions of the current semi-analytic galaxy formation model based on Lambda CDM theory. While the majority of massive galaxies are red-sequence populations, we find that a considerable fraction of galaxies are blue star-forming galaxies. The blue fraction is smaller in more massive systems and decreases toward the local Universe, leaving the red, most massive galaxies at low redshifts, which would support the idea of active 'bottom-up' formation of these populations during 0 < z < 1.
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