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arXiv 1002.0265cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.other
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囚禁玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的原子干涉测量:原子-原子相互作用的影响

Atom interferometry with trapped Bose-Einstein condensates: Impact of atom-atom interactions

Julian Grond, Joerg Schmiedmayer, Ulrich Hohenester

摘要:

利用超冷原子的干涉测量法在物理学的许多领域都有可能实现超精确和超灵敏的测量,并且是我们最精确的原子钟的基础。高灵敏度的关键是实现长测量时间和精确读数的可能性。超冷原子可以在量子水平上精确操纵,在陷阱中保持很长时间,因此是干涉测量的理想环境。在本文中,我们讨论了如何从原子-原子相互作用的非线性一方面允许有效地产生压缩态增强读出,但在另一方面导致相位扩散,限制了相位积累时间。我们发现,低维的几何形状是有利的,与二维(2D)的设置给原子-原子相互作用引起的相位扩散的贡献最小。即使对于通过最佳控制产生的时间序列,可实现的最小可检测相互作用能$ΔE^{\rm min}$也是阱中BEC化学势的0.001倍。从那里,我们不得不得出结论,更精确的测量与原子干涉仪更复杂的策略,或关闭相互作用诱导相位在相位积累阶段,将是必要的。

英文摘要:

Interferometry with ultracold atoms promises the possibility of ultraprecise and ultrasensitive measurements in many fields of physics, and is the basis of our most precise atomic clocks. Key to a high sensitivity is the possibility to achieve long measurement times and precise readout. Ultra cold atoms can be precisely manipulated at the quantum level, held for very long times in traps, and would therefore be an ideal setting for interferometry. In this paper we discuss how the non-linearities from atom-atom interactions on one hand allow to efficiently produce squeezed states for enhanced readout, but on the other hand result in phase diffusion which limits the phase accumulation time. We find that low dimensional geometries are favorable, with two-dimensional (2D) settings giving the smallest contribution of phase diffusion caused by atom-atom interactions. Even for time sequences generated by optimal control the achievable minimal detectable interaction energy $ΔE^{\rm min}$ is on the order of 0.001 times the chemical potential of the BEC in the trap. From there we have to conclude that for more precise measurements with atom interferometers more sophisticated strategies, or turning off the interaction induced dephasing during the phase accumulation stage, will be necessary.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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