宇宙微波背景温度涨落的变差图：偏离统计各向同性的确认
Variograms of the Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature Fluctuations: Confirmation of Deviations from Statistical Isotropy
摘要：
标准暴胀模型预言了宇宙微波背景温度涨落的各向同性分布。如果要探测到偏离统计各向同性的现象，就需要对早期宇宙的物理学进行修正。本文介绍了变异函数作为一个强有力的工具来检测和表征偏离统计各向同性的宇宙微波背景地图。应用威尔金森微波各向异性探测器的数据清楚地表明了北半球和南半球之间的差异。北半球变差函数的基台和极差均低于南半球。此外，北半球的变差函数位于99% c.l.之外。对于十度以上的刻度。北半球和南半球之间的差异的变差函数与尺度的函数依赖性可以被用来作为一个验证基准建议的各向异性宇宙学模型。
英文摘要：
The Standard Inflationary model predicts an isotropic distribution of the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature fluctuations. Detection of deviations from statistical isotropy would call for a revision of the physics of the early universe. This paper introduces the variogram as a powerful tool to detect and characterize deviations from statistical isotropy in Cosmic Microwave Background maps. Application to the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe data clearly shows differences between the northern and the southern hemispheres. The sill and range of the northern hemisphere's variogram are lower than those of the southern hemisphere. Moreover the variogram for the northern hemisphere lies outside the 99% c.l. for scales above ten degrees. Differences between the northern and southern hemispheres in the functional dependence of the variogram with the scale can be used as a validation bench mark for proposed anisotropic cosmological models.
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