arXiv 1001.40862010-01-22astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-ph

粒子暗物质的多波长探测

Multi-wavelength Searches for Particle Dark Matter

Stefano Profumo, Piero Ullio

备注：: 23 pages, 3 figures; This invited contribution was published as Chapter 27 of "Particle Dark Matter: Observations, Models and Searches" edited by Gianfranco Bertone. The book webpage is at http://cambridge.org/us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521763684
发表信息：: Chapter 27 of "Particle Dark Matter: Observations, Models and Searches" ed. Gianfranco Bertone, 2010, Cambridge University Press

摘要：

如果暗物质粒子对湮灭为稳定的标准模型粒子，则必然会产生大量高能、非热电子和正电子。这种非标准粒子群的能量损失（包括背景辐射光子的同步加速器和逆康普顿上散射）产生的次级辐射反过来又产生了一种特殊的多波长光谱，从无线电频率延伸到伽马射线频率。本文综述了多波长探测暗物质的研究进展，包括暗物质湮灭产生的电子和正电子的注入谱和产生率，传播效应和能量损失的计算，以及实际的多波长发射。然后，我们概述了应用这个一般框架的情况下，星系团（特别是后发座，1E 0657 - 56-所谓的子弹团-蛇夫座）和矮球状星系（包括天龙座，天炉座，小熊座和船底座）。我们还回顾了多波长搜索策略在我们银河系中的应用，更具体地说，是在银河系中心环境、暗银河迷你晕以及所谓的WMAP薄雾和其他无线电数据中的应用。我们认为，多波长观测将补充伽玛射线观测粒子暗物质的探针，因为在不同的频率预期的光度一般是可比的。因此，通过各种频率的天文观测间接寻找暗物质是探索暗物质基本性质的关键和不可或缺的因素。

英文摘要：

If dark matter particles pair annihilate into stable Standard Model particles, a population of energetic, non-thermal electrons and positrons is necessarily produced. The secondary radiation resulting from the energy losses of this non-standard population (including synchrotron and inverse Compton up-scattering of background radiation photons) in turn produces a peculiar multi-wavelength spectrum, extending from radio to gamma-ray frequencies. We give here an overview of multi-wavelength searches for dark matter, including the expected injection spectrum and production rate of electrons and positrons from dark matter annihilation, the computation of the effects of propagation and energy losses and the actual multi-wavelength emission. We then outline the application of this general framework to the case of galaxy clusters (specifically Coma, 1E 0657-56 - the so-called Bullet cluster - and Ophiuchus) and of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (including Draco, Fornax, Ursa Minor and Carina). We also review the application of multi-wavelength search strategies to our own Milky Way, and more specifically to the Galactic center environment, to dark galactic mini-halos and to the so-called WMAP haze and other radio data. We argue that multi-wavelength observations will complement gamma-ray observations as probes of particle dark matter, since the expected luminosities at different frequencies are generically comparable. The indirect search for dark matter with astronomical observations at various frequencies is therefore a crucial and indispensable element in the quest for the fundamental nature of dark matter.

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