开放数据eScience中的合作：斯隆数字巡天的案例研究
Collaboration in an Open Data eScience: A Case Study of Sloan Digital Sky Survey
摘要：
当今的科学技术已经产生了越来越多的可通过电子方式获取的科学数据。然而，人们对开放数据趋势如何影响科学界知之甚少，特别是在其协作行为方面。本文旨在通过一个活跃的、被高度引用的开放数据项目（斯隆数字巡天）的合著者网络的案例研究，提高我们对开放数据eScience环境中科学合作动态的理解。我们可视化了共同创作网络，并在三个层面上测量了它们随时间的特性：作者，机构和国家。我们将这些测量结果与随机网络模型进行了比较，并比较了三个级别的结果。研究发现：1）SDSS社区的协作网络从随机网络转变为小世界网络; 2）作者级协作实例的数量随着时间的推移没有太大变化，而其他两个级别的协作实例数量随着时间的推移而增加; 3）近年来成对机构协作变得普遍。开放数据的趋势可能对科学合作产生积极和消极的影响。
英文摘要：
Current science and technology has produced more and more publically accessible scientific data. However, little is known about how the open data trend impacts a scientific community, specifically in terms of its collaboration behaviors. This paper aims to enhance our understanding of the dynamics of scientific collaboration in the open data eScience environment via a case study of co-author networks of an active and highly cited open data project, called Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We visualized the co-authoring networks and measured their properties over time at three levels: author, institution, and country levels. We compared these measurements to a random network model and also compared results across the three levels. The study found that 1) the collaboration networks of the SDSS community transformed from random networks to small-world networks; 2) the number of author-level collaboration instances has not changed much over time, while the number of collaboration instances at the other two levels has increased over time; 3) pairwise institutional collaboration become common in recent years. The open data trend may have both positive and negative impacts on scientific collaboration.
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