低能加速器实验中寻找分数电荷粒子的新方案
A Novel Scheme to Search for Fractional Charge Particles in Low Energy Accelerator Experiments
摘要：
在粒子物理学的标准模型中，夸克和反夸克的电荷分数等于电子电荷的$\pm1/3$或$\pm2/3$。已经有大量的实验使用各种方法来寻找分数电荷、可隔离的基本粒子，包括使用dE/dx电离能损失测量的$e^+e^-$碰撞，但是没有发现任何证据来证实自由分数电荷粒子的存在，这导致了夸克禁闭理论。本文根据四动量守恒定律，提出了一种寻找这类粒子的方案。由于CLEOc和BESIII探测器的大覆盖范围，良好的粒子识别，轨道动量的精确测量和它们的大记录数据样本，这些特征使得该方案在实践中是可行的。该方案的优点是不依赖于任何理论模型，并且对一小部分夸克从限制相过渡到非限制相敏感。
英文摘要：
In the Standard Model of particle physics, the quarks and anti-quarks have fractional charge equal to $\pm1/3$ or $\pm2/3$ of the electron's charge. There has been a large number of experiments searching for fractional charge, isolatable, elementary particles using a variety of methods, including $e^+e^-$ collisions using dE/dx ionization energy loss measurements, but no evidence has been found to confirm existence of free fractional charge particles, which leads to the quark confinement theory. In this paper, a proposal to search for this kind particles is presented, which is based on the conservation law of four-momentum. Thanks to the CLEOc and BESIII detectors' large coverage, good particle identification, precision measurements of tracks' momenta and their large recorded data samples, these features make the scheme feasible in practice. The advantage of the scheme is independent of any theoretical models and sensitive for a small fraction of the quarks transitioning to the unconfinement phase from the confinement phase.
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