普朗克发射前状态：普朗克-LFI方案
Planck pre-launch status: the Planck-LFI programme
摘要：
本文概述了欧空局普朗克飞行任务中的低频仪器方案。LFI仪器的研制是为了在低于宇宙微波背景辐射谱峰值的27-77千兆赫频率范围内绘制高精度的微波天空图。科学目标的描述，从基本的宇宙学银河系和河外天体物理学。概述了仪器的设计和开发，以及模型原理和测试策略。该仪器是在普朗克飞行任务的背景下提出的。描述了地面和飞行中校准的LFI方法。我们还描述了LFI地面段。我们提出了一些测试的结果，证明了LFI数据处理中心（DPC）的能力，以适当地减少和分析LFI飞行数据，从遥测信息到校准和清洁的时间顺序数据，在每个频率的天空图（温度和偏振），组件发射图（CMB和扩散前景），各种来源的目录（早期发布的压缩源目录和最终压缩源目录）。简要介绍了LFI联盟的组织以及核心团队在数据分析和科学开发中的作用。在LFI飞行模型上进行的所有测试都证明了该仪器及其各个子单元的出色性能。对数据分析流水线进行了测试，并验证了其主要步骤。在发射后的前三个月，将完成调试、校准、性能和验证阶段，之后普朗克将开始其运行寿命，LFI将成为其中不可或缺的一部分。
英文摘要：
This paper provides an overview of the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) programme within the ESA Planck mission. The LFI instrument has been developed to produce high precision maps of the microwave sky at frequencies in the range 27-77 GHz, below the peak of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation spectrum. The scientific goals are described, ranging from fundamental cosmology to Galactic and extragalactic astrophysics. The instrument design and development are outlined, together with the model philosophy and testing strategy. The instrument is presented in the context of the Planck mission. The LFI approach to ground and inflight calibration is described. We also describe the LFI ground segment. We present the results of a number of tests demonstrating the capability of the LFI data processing centre (DPC) to properly reduce and analyse LFI flight data, from telemetry information to calibrated and cleaned time ordered data, sky maps at each frequency (in temperature and polarization), component emission maps (CMB and diffuse foregrounds), catalogs for various classes of sources (the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue and the Final Compact Source Catalogue). The organization of the LFI consortium is briefly presented as well as the role of the core team in data analysis and scientific exploitation. All tests carried out on the LFI flight model demonstrate the excellent performance of the instrument and its various subunits. The data analysis pipeline has been tested and its main steps verified. In the first three months after launch, the commissioning, calibration, performance, and verification phases will be completed, after which Planck will begin its operational life, in which LFI will have an integral part.
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