准异质性城市中的正相互作用和群落结构的出现
Positive interactions and the emergence of community structure in metacommunities
摘要：
空间在维持物种共存和确定群落结构和功能方面的重要作用已得到充分确认。然而，群落生态学研究主要集中在简单的竞争和捕食系统，并在空间背景下塑造社区的积极种间相互作用的相对影响还没有得到很好的理解。在这里，我们采用了一个空间显式的元共生模型来研究当地的扩散对社区的结构和功能的影响，在社区中，物种是通过一个相互作用的网络，包括互惠，竞争和剥削。我们的研究结果表明，功能，多样性和种间相互作用的本地连接的社区经历了一个阶段的变化，物种扩散的速度。我们发现，低的空间互联性有利于自发出现的强烈互惠的社区，更稳定，但生产力和多样性较低。另一方面，高度的空间相互联系促进了当地的生物多样性，牺牲了当地的稳定性，并支持社区与广泛的种间相互作用。我们认为，调查的空间过程和复杂的相互作用网络的自组织之间的关系是至关重要的了解在现实景观中的相互作用的地理结构。
英文摘要：
The significant role of space in maintaining species coexistence and determining community structure and function is well established. However, community ecology studies have mainly focused on simple competition and predation systems, and the relative impact of positive interspecific interactions in shaping communities in a spatial context is not well understood. Here we employ a spatially explicit metacommunity model to investigate the effect of local dispersal on the structure and function of communities in which species are linked through an interaction web comprising mutualism, competition and exploitation. Our results show that function, diversity and interspecific interactions of locally linked communities undergo a phase transition with changes in the rate of species dispersal. We find that low spatial interconnectedness favors the spontaneous emergence of strongly mutualistic communities which are more stable but less productive and diverse. On the other hand, high spatial interconnectedness promotes local biodiversity at the expense of local stability and supports communities with a wide range of interspecific interactions. We argue that investigations of the relationship between spatial processes and the self-organization of complex interaction webs are critical to understanding the geographic structure of interactions in real landscapes.
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