小世界中的边界结构
The structure of borders in a small world
摘要：
地理边界不仅对政府的有效运作、行政责任的分配和公共资源的分配至关重要，而且还影响到区域间的信息流动、跨界贸易业务、创新和技术的传播以及传染病的空间传播。然而，随着跨越长距离、文化和政治边界的日益增长的互动和流动性继续放大小世界效应，并有效地降低了当地互动的相对重要性，很难评估可能在流动性驱动的过程中发挥最重要作用的有效边界的位置和结构。空间连贯的社区范式可能不再是一个合理的，目前还不清楚什么结构出现的相互作用和跨空间尺度的活动。在这里，我们分析了一个多尺度的代理网络的人类流动，包括旅行跨越几到几千公里。我们确定了一个有效的系统，地理上连续的边界隐含编码在多尺度的流动模式。我们发现，有效的大规模边界定义空间连贯的细分，只有部分与行政边界相吻合。我们发现，空间相干性是部分丢失，如果只考虑到长距离的交通和多尺度移动网络的流行模型不能考虑到所观察到的模式。这些结果将允许新类型的定量，多尺度的相互作用网络的比较分析一般，并可能提供洞察人类活动产生的时空现象的众多。
英文摘要：
Geographic borders are not only essential for the effective functioning of government, the distribution of administrative responsibilities and the allocation of public resources, they also influence the interregional flow of information, cross-border trade operations, the diffusion of innovation and technology, and the spatial spread of infectious diseases. However, as growing interactions and mobility across long distances, cultural, and political borders continue to amplify the small world effect and effectively decrease the relative importance of local interactions, it is difficult to assess the location and structure of effective borders that may play the most significant role in mobility-driven processes. The paradigm of spatially coherent communities may no longer be a plausible one, and it is unclear what structures emerge from the interplay of interactions and activities across spatial scales. Here we analyse a multi-scale proxy network for human mobility that incorporates travel across a few to a few thousand kilometres. We determine an effective system of geographically continuous borders implicitly encoded in multi-scale mobility patterns. We find that effective large scale boundaries define spatially coherent subdivisions and only partially coincide with administrative borders. We find that spatial coherence is partially lost if only long range traffic is taken into account and show that prevalent models for multi-scale mobility networks cannot account for the observed patterns. These results will allow for new types of quantitative, comparative analyses of multi-scale interaction networks in general and may provide insight into a multitude of spatiotemporal phenomena generated by human activity.
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