在洲际超级计算机网格上模拟宇宙
Simulating the universe on an intercontinental grid of supercomputers
摘要：
对宇宙最常见的组成部分--冷暗物质的难以捉摸阻碍了对宇宙的理解。几乎不可能观察到的暗物质可以通过模拟的方式进行有效的研究，在过去的十年里，可能没有其他研究领域的模拟带来了如此大的进展。宇宙学N体模拟是研究非线性区域密度扰动演化的重要工具。然而，模拟宇宙中大尺度结构的形成仍然是一个挑战，这是由于空间和时间坐标的巨大动态范围，以及由于所需的巨大计算机资源。动态范围一般用数值技术的混合处理。我们通过光网络连接两台超级计算机来处理计算需求，并使它们作为一台机器运行。这是具有挑战性的，如果只是因为我们选择的超级计算机被半个地球分开，因为一个位于阿姆斯特丹，另一个位于东京。两台计算机的协同调度和代码的“网格化”使我们能够实现这种分布式洲际超级计算机的90%效率。
英文摘要：
Understanding the universe is hampered by the elusiveness of its most common constituent, cold dark matter. Almost impossible to observe, dark matter can be studied effectively by means of simulation and there is probably no other research field where simulation has led to so much progress in the last decade. Cosmological N-body simulations are an essential tool for evolving density perturbations in the nonlinear regime. Simulating the formation of large-scale structures in the universe, however, is still a challenge due to the enormous dynamic range in spatial and temporal coordinates, and due to the enormous computer resources required. The dynamic range is generally dealt with by the hybridization of numerical techniques. We deal with the computational requirements by connecting two supercomputers via an optical network and make them operate as a single machine. This is challenging, if only for the fact that the supercomputers of our choice are separated by half the planet, as one is located in Amsterdam and the other is in Tokyo. The co-scheduling of the two computers and the 'gridification' of the code enables us to achieve a 90% efficiency for this distributed intercontinental supercomputer.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
