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arXiv 0912.4886astro-ph.HE
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包含非线性粒子加速的超新星遗迹演化的3D模拟

3D simulations of supernova remnants evolution including non-linear particle acceleration

Gilles Ferrand, Anne Decourchelle, Jean Ballet, Romain Teyssier, Federico Fraschetti

摘要:

如果超新星遗迹冲击波的能量有相当大的一部分被引导到高能粒子(通常被认为是银河系的宇宙射线)中,那么遗迹的形态演化一定会发生明显的变化。最近通过钱德拉和XMM-牛顿X射线卫星获得了这种变化的证据。为了研究这些影响,我们耦合了一个半解析动力学模型的冲击加速与三维流体动力学代码(通过一个有效的绝热指数)。这使我们能够研究的时间依赖的压缩之间的区域的向前和反向冲击由于加速粒子的反向反应,伴随着发展的Rayleigh-Taylor流体动力学不稳定性的接触不连续性。密度分布在很大程度上取决于粒子的注入水平eta:当eta达到约10^-4时,修饰是微弱的、渐进的;当eta达到约10^-3时,修饰是强烈的、即时的。然而,Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定区域的扩展不依赖于注入速率。第一次比较我们的模拟与观测第谷的遗迹加强了有效的加速质子在向前冲击的情况下。

英文摘要:

If a sizeable fraction of the energy of supernova remnant shocks is channeled into energetic particles (commonly identified with Galactic cosmic rays), then the morphological evolution of the remnants must be distinctly modified. Evidence of such modifications has been recently obtained with the Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray satellites. To investigate these effects, we coupled a semi-analytical kinetic model of shock acceleration with a 3D hydrodynamic code (by means of an effective adiabatic index). This enables us to study the time-dependent compression of the region between the forward and reverse shocks due to the back reaction of accelerated particles, concomitantly with the development of the Rayleigh-Taylor hydrodynamic instability at the contact discontinuity. Density profiles depend critically on the injection level eta of particles: for eta up to about 10^-4 modifications are weak and progressive, for eta of the order of 10^-3 modifications are strong and immediate. Nevertheless, the extension of the Rayleigh-Taylor unstable region does not depend on the injection rate. A first comparison of our simulations with observations of Tycho's remnant strengthens the case for efficient acceleration of protons at the forward shock.

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